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Dative case

Dative case (abbreviated as DAT) is a grammatical case used to indicate recipient or purpose of an action. In Nûrlâm it is marked by postposition “-ûr” for declension class I or “-zûr” for declension class II. It's usually translated into English with prepositions “to” and “for”. Typical applications of dative in Black Speech include:

  • denotes indirect object of certain verbs (giving or similar action); “He gives the ring to Nazgul”
  • Dative of purpose - object of verb denotes purpose of an action; “Fight for your life!”, “Quest for glory”;
  • Dative of benefit (or harm) - object of verb will take advantage (or disadvantage) of an action; “He left the ring for himself”
  • Dative of agent - object of active verb is the agent of an action, usually with verbs concerning sight (look, seem) and sometimes other feelings, specially in impersonal sentences. “It looks fine to me”, “It's cold to him”, “This meat seems edible to me”
  • direct object of certain verbs (e.g. “pray”);
  • direct object in impersonal constructions (connected to dative of benefit and dative of agent). “It will be painful to him”.

examples needed


Dative-Allative

In English (and some other languages as well) dative case is mixed with allative (denotes destination of motion) because both are translated with preposition “to”. In classical Nûrlâm it's two distinct cases. As general rule, when translating from English into Black Speech, you should check, if the preposition “to” can be replaced with “for” without losing sense, then dative case should be used, otherwise translate with allative. However in colloquial speech these two cases are often mixed together, at least since Shadowlandian dialect, where allative ending -u was used for dative. Colloquial Nûrlâm also copy this feature.

case_dative.1598001768.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 14:46 (external edit)