Tools
This is an old revision of the document!
examples needed
Inflectional suffixes
Suffix is called inflectional if it changes grammatical properties of the word without modifying its syntactic/lexical category, word class or part of speech. But many grammatical categories in Nûrlâm are expressed by clitics instead. Participle and infinitive suffixes may be also treated as derivational suffixes depending on the point of view (if participles are considered as separate lexical categories or as forms of verbs, but in this wiki the second opinion is used). Finally a table of common inflectional suffixes:
| Suffix | Etymology | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| -â | Hurrian 3rd person suffix of transitive verb “-a”; compare with HORN suffix “-a” with meaning “one who does” and SV suffix “-a” often used to make verbs from nouns | 3rd person singular verb suffix (only when subject of verb is a noun) | |
| -ag | NL, in analogy with -ug — -uga | present passive participle | |
| -aga | HG < misprint of EL -uga (see below) in VT 13 | past passive participle | |
| -ar | LOS | comparative form of adjectives and adverbs | |
| -at | TK, CBS, RI | gerundive | |
| -az | LOS | superlative form of adjectives | |
| -b | see -ob | genitive case for declension class II | |
| -irzi | LOS “irzi” (by) | instrumental case for declension class I | |
| -ish | NL < LOS “izish” (me) | accusative case for declension class I | |
| -ob | EL | genitive case for declension class I | |
| -rzi | see -irzi | instrumental case for declension class II | |
| -sh | see -ish | accusative case for declension class II | |
| -sha | TK, DBS, OC | comitative case | |
| -si | NL < Quenya “sívë”, Sindarin “sui” (as, like) | essive case | |
| -û | rare SV “-û”, LOS “-u” | plural number suffix for declension class I | |
| -û | NL < AN “-ut” + rare SV “-û” (plural suffix) | 3rd person plural verb suffix (only when subject of verb is a noun) | |
| -ub | AN | future tense suffix | |
| -ug | EL, AA < TK DBS OC “pushdug” (stinking) | present active participle | |
| -uga | EL, participle II | present passive participle | |
| -ulg | NL < LOS “shulg” (would) < SV “shulg” (wood)1) | subjunctive mood or future-in-the-past tense | |
| -ûr | EL | dative case for declension class I | |
| -ut | NL | infinitive | |
| -uz | LOS | past tense suffix | |
| -z | EL | plural number suffix for declension class II | |
| -zûr | NL < EL “-ûr” | dative case for declension class II |
This table contains only those case suffixes that belongs to grammatical and marginal case. For locative case endings see full chart of case postpositions. Suffixes of aspect are also not listed, as they may be treated as clitic adverbs.
See also
