Inflectional suffixes

Suffix is called inflectional if it changes grammatical properties of the word without modifying its syntactic/lexical category, word class or part of speech. But many grammatical categories in Nûrlâm are expressed by clitics instead. Participle and infinitive suffixes may be also treated as derivational suffixes depending on the point of view (if participles are considered as separate lexical categories or as forms of verbs, but in this wiki the second opinion is used). Finally a table of common inflectional suffixes:

add suffixes of aspect

Suffix Etymology Meaning Example
Hurrian 3rd person suffix of transitive verb “-a”;
compare with HORN suffix “-a” with meaning “one who does” and SV suffix “-a” often used to make verbs from nouns
3rd person singular verb suffix (only when subject of verb is a noun) pushd- (to stink) ⇒ bag pushdâ (shit stinks)
-ag NL, in analogy with -ug-uga present passive participle faik (to win) ⇒ faikag (being defeated)
-aga HG < misprint of EL -uga (see below) in VT 13 past passive participle dul- (to damage) ⇒ dulaga urukirzi (damaged by orcs)
-âk HG1) < MB verb in passive voice orsk- (to steal) ⇒ nazg orskâkuzâ (ring was stolen)
-ar LOS comparative form of adjectives and adverbs bhog (good) ⇒ bhogar (better)
-at TK, CBS, RI gerundive gimb (find) ⇒ gimbat (to find, for finding, to be found)
-az LOS superlative form of adjectives bhog (good) ⇒ bhogaz (the best)
-b see -ob genitive case for declension class II ta (he) ⇒ tab (his)
-îm NL < Quenya “immo” (self) normally a reflexive pronoun, but may be used with verbs as suffix of reflexive voice dogut (to kill) ⇒ dogutîm (to commit suicide, to be killed by accident and own carelessness)
-irzi LOS “irzi” (by) instrumental case for declension class I bazg (hand) ⇒ bazgirzi (by hand)
-ish NL < LOS “izish” (me) accusative case for declension class I lat (thou, you) ⇒ latish (thee, you)
-ob EL genitive case for declension class I lûg (dragon) ⇒ lûgob (dragon's, of dragon)
-rzi see -irzi instrumental case for declension class II snaga (slave) ⇒ snagarzi (by slaves)
-sh see -ish accusative case for declension class II ta (he) ⇒ tash (him)
-sha TK, DBS, OC comitative case shauk (friend) ⇒ shauksha (together with friends)
-sha TK, DBS, OC rarely used with verbs as cooperative voice bulut (to work) ⇒ bulutsha (to cooperate, work together)
-si NL < Quenya “sívë”, Sindarin “sui” (as, like) essive case shauk (friend) ⇒ shauktabsi (as your friend)
rare SV “-û”, LOS “-u” plural number suffix for declension class I uruk (orc) ⇒ urukû (orcs)
NL < AN “-ut” + rare SV “-û” (plural suffix) 3rd person plural verb suffix (only when subject of verb is a noun) gimb (to find) ⇒ uruk gimbû (orcs are discovering)
-ub AN future tense suffix krimp- (to tie) ⇒ takrimpub (he will tie)
-ug EL, AA < TK DBS OC “pushdug” (stinking) present active participle mat- (to die) ⇒ matug (dying)
-uga EL, participle II present passive participle akr- (to drink) ⇒ luntal akraga (drunken sailor)
-ulg NL < LOS “shulg” (would) < SV “shulg” (wood)2) subjunctive mood or future-in-the-past tense pâsh (can) ⇒ pâshulg (could)
-ûr EL dative case for declension class I golug (elf) ⇒ golugûr (for elf)
-ut NL infinitive gimb- (to find) ⇒ gimbut (to find)
-uz LOS past tense suffix thrak- (to bring) ⇒ tathrakuz (he brought)
-z EL plural number suffix for declension class II tau (forest) ⇒ tauz (forests)
-zûr NL < EL “-ûr” dative case for declension class II piraga (halfling) ⇒ piragazûr (for halfling)

This table contains only those case suffixes that belongs to grammatical and marginal case. For locative case endings see full chart of case postpositions. Suffixes of aspect are also not listed, as they may be treated as clitic adverbs.

See also

1)
without any example
2)
it's unknown, if pun was intended or made by mistake
suffix_inflectional.txt · Last modified: 2023/09/07 19:38 by 127.0.0.1