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Interrogative mood


many examples needed

Interrogative mood (abbreviated as INT) is the grammatical mood that is used to form various questions. While English uses auxiliary verbs and special word order for questions, Nûrlâm uses special grammatical form of verbs, adding prefix mar- which goes after prefix of person and negation but before derivational prefix and root. In contrast to English in Nûrlâm word order is not changed, and auxiliary verbs like “do/does/did” are not used in questions as they already have a grammatical marker mar-.

example needed


Questions

There are 4 various forms of questions.

This article is not finished
add examples for special questions

General questions

General or polar questions require answering with “yes” (“akh”) or “no” (“nar”). To convert declarative sentence into general question interrogative mood is used. Example:

Declarative General question General question with negation
English He killed a dragon Did he killed a dragon? Didn't he killed a dragon?
Nûrlâm Tadoguz ash lûg Tamardoguz ash lûg Tanarmardoguz ash lûg

General questions may be answered by repeating the statement from question in declarative form (without mar-), especially when question contains double negative. Shortened answers like “He did / He didn't” do not have equivalent in Nûrlâm, but object may be omitted in repeated statement (“Did he killed a dragon? – He didn't” = “Tamardoguz ash lûg – Tadoguz”).


Alternative questions

Alternative or choice questions are similar to general questions but answer requires selecting option(s) presented in question (either repeating a question in declarative form with only one option or simply with one word). Conjunction “or” (= “ogh”) is used to present a second choice. Answer may be also like “all of them” (“ulûk” or simply “ûk”) or “none of them” (“narash” or just “nar”) or “both” (= “za agh zîg”, lit. “this and that”; = “zîg agh isk”, lit. “that and another”). The second option in question may be a negation of the first one (“or no” = “ogh nar”), but this makes it closer to general questions.

Declarative Alternative question Alternative question with negation
English He killed a dragon Did he killed a dragon or Balrog? Did he killed a dragon or not?
Nûrlâm Tadoguz ash lûg Tamardoguz ash lûg ogh balrog Tamardoguz ash lûg ogh nar

Disjunctive questions

Disjunctive or tag questions are formed with declarative sentence, but turned into interrogative by question particle (tag) “mar?” which may be translated into English as “right?”, “isn't it?” etc.

Declarative Disjunctive question
English He killed a dragon He killed a dragon, didn't he?
Nûrlâm Tadoguz ash lûg Tadoguz ash lûg mar

Special questions

Special or non-polar questions are formed with question words (interrogative pro-forms: pronouns and pro-adverbs) and require a full sentence to answer. Interrogative mood of verbs is not used because question words already contain question prefix m(a)-.

List of question words

English Nûrlâm Example
how marz How did he kill a dragon? = Marz tadoguz as lûg
what mash
when mil
whence1) minah, minbo
where min
whether2) makon (any), mashkon (whatever, whichever)
which mai (who), mash (what)
whither3) minishi, minu
who mai, mash (what)
whom mai, mash (in any grammatical or marginal case except Nominative and Genitive)
whose maib, mashob
why mûr

Word order in such questions alters. Question word goes first then go subject, verb and optionally an object.

Declarative Special question
English He killed a dragon Who killed a dragon?
Nûrlâm Tadoguz ash lûg Mash lûguzâ ash lûg

Exceptions are words “mai” (who?) and “mash” (what?), both also used with meaning “whose?”, as they may refer either subject or object, then word order is typical SVO with question word going into either Subject or Object's position.

Declarative Special question
English He killed a dragon Who killed a dragon?
Nûrlâm Tadoguz ash lûg Mash doguzâ ash lûg
Declarative Special question
English He killed a dragon Whom did he killed?
Nûrlâm Tadoguz ash lûg Tadoguz mash
Declarative Special question
English He lives in spider's nest In whose nest does he live?
Nûrlâm Takîb kîfor ungob Takîb kîfor mashob

Questions starting with “mûr” (= “why?”) are usually answered with gerundives.

example needed


Indirect questions

Indirect questions are subordinate clauses of declarative sentences. They are formed similar to special questions, but question words are replaced with their relative counterparts. Interrogative mood is not used. For example “I don't know where did he go” = “Danarîst amin ta ukhuz4)

example needed


Combinations with other modalities

Interrogative mood may be combined together with other moods:

example needed

1)
“where … from”, source
2)
usually in alternative and indirect questions
3)
“where … to”, target, goal
4)
Nûrlâm do not use auxiliary verbs like “do/does/did”, so “did go” translates into “go.PST” = “ukhuz”
mood_interrogative.1644226057.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 14:49 (external edit)