Wordlist: Time

This page will contain list of words related to age, time, its intervals, duration and seasons.

English	Nûrlâm	Part of speech	Etymology	Comments
(do smth.) back	kru	prefix	NL < LOS “krul” (“two”), “krut” (“back”, adv)	prefix of repeated action or fallback to previous state префикс повторного действия, возврата в предыдущее состояние, например в таких словах как “отвоевать”, “переделать”, “возвращаться”, “повторить” и т.п.
(long) period	kûrm	n	NL < TK “kû”; compare also with “kru”, “krut”
(prospective aspect suffix)	uth	adv	NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly)	usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-”
about (time)	kurn	prep	LOS < Quenya “corna” (round, adj.) < Etym. “KOR”	use with objects in accusative case
actual	radûrz	adj	NL < LOS “rad” (now)
aeon	goiril	n	NL, see “goir”, “il”; compare with HG “ûrgul”
after (time)	la	prep, adv	LOS	use with objects in accusative case
after that	lazîg	adv	NL, see “la”, “zîg”
after-effect	laskâturm	n	NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come)	uncountable
aftermath	laskâturm	n	NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come)	uncountable
afterwards	lârz	adv	adverb from “la”	about time and numerical order
again	nokhar	adv	NL < LOS < HG	see also prefix “kru-”
age	kûb-	v	ZA < TK “kû” (old)
age	kûrm	n	NL < TK “kû”; compare also with “kru”, “krut”
ago	krut	adv	LOS
already	dok	adv	HG
always	ilûk	pro	NL, see “il” and “ûk”
always	ok	adv	NL < HG “okû”; compare with NL “gok” (flat, even)	used as clitic adverb of aspect (habitual, iterative); gains meaning ”used to” (regular action in the past, not familiriaty with) only together with verb in past tense
ancient	yû	adj	NL, merging TK “ya” (of uncertain meaning) with TK “kû” (old)	very old
anew	nokhar	adv	NL < LOS < HG	see also prefix “kru-”
another time	ilisk	pro	NL, see “il” and “isk”
antique	yû	adj	NL, merging TK “ya” (of uncertain meaning) with TK “kû” (old)	very old
anymore	konarzar	pro	see “kon”; comparative form	usually with negation
anytime	ilkon	pro	NL, see “il” and “kon”
around (time)	kurn	prep	LOS < Quenya “corna” (round, adj.) < Etym. “KOR”	use with objects in accusative case
as (period of time)	kusn	conj, prep	LOS < SV or MB	use with objects in accusative case
as far as	zash baubarz zash	expr	see “zash”, “baub”
as long as	zash rodharz zash	expr	see “zash”, “rodh”
as soon as	zash uth zash	expr	see “zash”, “uth”
at	shi	prep	LOS	only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech
at all	narilûk	expr	NL, see “nar”, “il”, “ûk”	in negative sentences
at last	gorzarz	adv	NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish)
at once	asharz	adv	NL < TK “ash” (one)
at once	rad	adv	LOS	in Nûrlâm is used with meaning “now” only as clitic adverb of aspect, standalone word only in Colloquial speech (in Standard language use “zil” instead)
at that moment	rad	adv	LOS	in Nûrlâm is used with meaning “now” only as clitic adverb of aspect, standalone word only in Colloquial speech (in Standard language use “zil” instead)
autumn	khal	n	NL < Quenya “quellë”
await	darb-	v	NL < Etym. “DAR”
back	krut	adv	LOS
backwards	krut	adv	LOS
be about to	uth	adv	NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly)	usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-”
be going to	uth	adv	NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly)	usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-”
be on	frun-	v	NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn”	also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on”
be over	gorz-	v	DS
before	dok	adv	HG
before (time)	ik	prep, conj	LOS	use with objects in accusative case; not used as standalone “before” (see “dok” instead)
before (time)	ugil	prep	SV	use with objects in accusative case; only in colloquial speech, “ik” is more preferable variant
before long	uth	adv	NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly)	usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-”
begin	îs-	v	LOS	“begin to” + verb is usually replaced with verb + suffix “-îs”
bolt	irz-	v	LOS; compare with Etym. “YUR”	together with object in Elative case to clarify meaning “escape”
breakfast	ashrokil	n	all major dialects “ashrokil” < TK “ash” (one) + LL “throqu-” (to devour) + SV “il” (time), lit. “first eat time”	uncountable
by (some time)	ik	prep, conj	LOS	use with objects in accusative case; not used as standalone “before” (see “dok” instead)
by (some time)	ugil	prep	SV	use with objects in accusative case; only in colloquial speech, “ik” is more preferable variant
by (time)	zi	prep	LOS (“until”)	use with objects in accusative case or dependent clauses in past or future, but not present tense; with dependent clauses “amilu” is preferred используется с существительными в винительном падеже или подчинённым предложением в прошедшем или будущем времени, но без отрицательной частицы; с подчинёнными предложениями лучше использовать “amilu”
by the time (when)	ik ilum (amil)	expr	see “ik”, “il”, “amil”
bygone	hoir	adj	NL < EH (n) < Gnomish “luin” (sic!)
celebration	birt	n	NL < Quenya “meren(de)”, Noldorin “bereth” < Etym. “MBER”
Christmas	yûln	n	NL, merging “yû” (very old, cf.), SV “il” (time), LOS “ûn” (new), ZA “îla”, Quenya “yén”, Sindarin “în” < Etym. “YEN”, Quenya “loa” (all meaning “year”) to make resemblance with “Yule” without direct borrowing	uncountable
circle	raug	n	HG (only “round”) < LOS “rag” < SV (to turn); compare with Etym. “RAG” (crooked)
circumstances	gugsh	n	LOS < MB “gûg”
common	thang	adj	NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar”
consequence	laskâturm	n	NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come)	uncountable
continue	frun-	v	NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn”	also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on”
current	radûrz	adj	NL < LOS “rad” (now)
cycle	raug	n	HG (only “round”) < LOS “rag” < SV (to turn); compare with Etym. “RAG” (crooked)
dawn	ânsh	n	HG (v) < RE “ânash” (n) < LOS “ân” (Sun) < Quenya “anar”
day	ârsh	n	LOS, probably from Etym. “AR”[1], compare with Quenya “arië” (daytime), “árë” (daylight), “aurë” (day, daylight)
day off	sligârsh	n	NL, lit. “free day”, see “slig”, “ârsh”
daybreak	ânsh	n	HG (v) < RE “ânash” (n) < LOS “ân” (Sun) < Quenya “anar”
defer	puzt-	v	NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS”
delay	puzt-	v	NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS”
delay	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
depart	bhan-	v	NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta”	also about dying
detain	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
disappear	bhan-	v	NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta”	also about dying
during	furn	prep	NL < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “vor”, “vora”, “vorë”, “voro”, etc. Similarity with English “for” is accidental	used with objects in accusative case только о времени
during	kusn	conj, prep	LOS < SV or MB	use with objects in accusative case
dusk	muth	n	NL, merging Sindarin “moth”, Qenya “maska” (dawn) with MERP, SV “mug”, to avoid Albanian cognate	see also “muzg”
dusk	ândh	n	NL, merging “ânsh” (morning) with “dhu” (down), “dhut-” (descend), all from HG, and Quenya “andúnë”, Sindarin “annûn” (sunset, evening, West) < Etym. “NDŪ” (go down, sink, set)
early	ânth	adj, adv	NL, merging “ânsh” + “uth” (see corresponding articles)
else when	ilisk	pro	NL, see “il” and “isk”
elsewhen	ilisk	pro	NL, see “il” and “isk”
end	gorz-	v	DS
end	nau	n	LOS
endure	frun-	v	NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn”	also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on”
epoch	kûrm	n	NL < TK “kû”; compare also with “kru”, “krut”
era	kûrm	n	NL < TK “kû”; compare also with “kru”, “krut”
escape	irz-	v	LOS; compare with Etym. “YUR”	together with object in Elative case to clarify meaning “escape”
eternal	goir	adj	NL < Noldorin “(g)uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY”
eternity	goiril	n	NL, see “goir”, “il”; compare with HG “ûrgul”
evening	ândh	n	NL, merging “ânsh” (morning) with “dhu” (down), “dhut-” (descend), all from HG, and Quenya “andúnë”, Sindarin “annûn” (sunset, evening, West) < Etym. “NDŪ” (go down, sink, set)
event	gugsh	n	LOS < MB “gûg”
ever	goir	adj	NL < Noldorin “(g)uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY”
ever?	milkon	pro	NL, see “mil”, “kon”	only with interrogative (questions) and dubitative moods
everlasting	goir	adj	NL < Noldorin “(g)uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY”
every time	ilûgh	pro	NL, see “il” and “ûgh”
everywhen	ilûgh	pro	NL, see “il” and “ûgh”
exotic	raih	adv, adj	NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see)
expect	darb-	v	NL < Etym. “DAR”
fall	khal	n	NL < Quenya “quellë”
fast	hîs	adj	LOS
feast	birt	n	NL < Quenya “meren(de)”, Noldorin “bereth” < Etym. “MBER”
festival	birt	n	NL < Quenya “meren(de)”, Noldorin “bereth” < Etym. “MBER”
final	gorzûrz	adj	NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish)	mostly about time
finally	gorzarz	adv	NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish)
finish	gorz-	v	DS
flee	irz-	v	LOS; compare with Etym. “YUR”	together with object in Elative case to clarify meaning “escape”
following	ab	adj	DS prefix “ab-” (after, behind, following)	only about time and order, not “next to” (see “mush” instead)
for (time)	furn	prep	NL < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “vor”, “vora”, “vorë”, “voro”, etc. Similarity with English “for” is accidental	used with objects in accusative case только о времени
fore-	bhû	prefix	HG	prefix of prepared action like in “predict”, “predestination” префикс заранее подготовленного действия, например “приготовить”, “предназначать”
forever	goirarz	adv	NL < Noldorin “uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY”
forget	ribhol-	v	NL, see “ri”, “bhol-”
free day	sligârsh	n	NL, lit. “free day”, see “slig”, “ârsh”
frequent	thil	adv, adj	all major dialects < SV (adv)
frequently	thil	adv, adj	all major dialects < SV (adv)
fresh	gin	adj	DS (only “new”), probably from Etym. “GWEN” (fresh) which gives the same Quenya word “vinya”, from which “fîn” is taken
freshly	ûnarz	adv	NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG	may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect
Friday	balârsh	n	NL, lit. “Torment-day” or “Divine (Valar) day” depending on interpretation; see “bal”, “ârsh”
from	ghâr	prep	HG < LOS “ghâra”	only about time; use with objects in accusative case
from now	zilah	pro	NL < “za” + “il” + “ah” (see corresponding articles)	only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr zil”
fulfill	gorz-	v	DS
future	ubh	adj	NL < AN “-ub” (future tense suffix) + Quenya “évea” (future, adj.)
get old	kûb-	v	ZA < TK “kû” (old)
get out	bhan-	v	NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta”	also about dying
go away	bhan-	v	NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta”	also about dying
go off	bhan-	v	NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta”	also about dying
go on	frun-	v	NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn”	also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on”
goings-on	gugsh	n	LOS < MB “gûg”
grow old	kûb-	v	ZA < TK “kû” (old)
happening	gugsh	n	LOS < MB “gûg”
hasten	khîg-	v	NL < DS “kʰīga-” (to hurry) (Isengard), “khîghâ-” (Moria) < PO “klikja-”
hasty	hîs	adj	LOS
hence	zilah	pro	NL < “za” + “il” + “ah” (see corresponding articles)	only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr zil”
henceforth	zilah	pro	NL < “za” + “il” + “ah” (see corresponding articles)	only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr zil”
herefrom	zilah	pro	NL < “za” + “il” + “ah” (see corresponding articles)	only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr zil”
hereto	zilu	pro	NL, “zil” (now) + allative case suffix “-u”	only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zizil”
hinder	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
hindmost	tîl	adj	LOS < Quenya “talla”, “telu”	mostly about numerical order or distance
holiday	birtârsh	n	literally “feast-day”; see “birt”, “ârsh”
hour	sib	n	NL < Quenya “sillumë” (this hour) < “lúmë” (time, period of time, hour)
hurry	khîg-	v	NL < DS “kʰīga-” (to hurry) (Isengard), “khîghâ-” (Moria) < PO “klikja-”
immediately	rad	adv	LOS	in Nûrlâm is used with meaning “now” only as clitic adverb of aspect, standalone word only in Colloquial speech (in Standard language use “zil” instead)
immortalize	goir-	v	NL, see “goir”
in	shi	prep	LOS	only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech
in (period of time)	furn	prep	NL < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “vor”, “vora”, “vorë”, “voro”, etc. Similarity with English “for” is accidental	used with objects in accusative case только о времени
in a long time	zi rodharz (ik)	expr	see “zi”, “rodh”, “ik”	about time
in the end	gorzarz	adv	NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish)
in the meantime	shi zil	expr	see “shi”, “zil”	“at now”
in the meantime	shi zîgil	expr	see “shi”, “zîg”, “il”	“at then”
incident	gugsh	n	LOS < MB “gûg”
just (finished / before)	ûnarz	adv	NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG	may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect
just started	îs	adv	NL < LOS “îs-” (to begin)	clitic adverb of aspect; only about unfinished action
keep on	frun-	v	NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn”	also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on”
last	frun-	v	NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn”	also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on”
last	gorzûrz	adj	NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish)	mostly about time
last	tîl	adj	LOS < Quenya “talla”, “telu”	mostly about numerical order or distance
late	lad	adj, adv	HG; compare with LOS “la” (after) and “rad” (now); resemblance to English word is probably semi-intentional
lately	shiladil	adv, conj	see “shi”, “lad”, “il”
lately	shîlad	adv, conj	see “shi”, “lad”, “il”
later	la	prep, adv	LOS	use with objects in accusative case
leave	bhan-	v	NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta”	also about dying
long	rodh	adj	HG
long before	zi rodharz (ik)	expr	see “zi”, “rodh”, “ik”	about time
lunch	ashrokil	n	all major dialects “ashrokil” < TK “ash” (one) + LL “throqu-” (to devour) + SV “il” (time), lit. “first eat time”	uncountable
meanwhile	shi zil	expr	see “shi”, “zil”	“at now”
meanwhile	shi zîgil	expr	see “shi”, “zîg”, “il”	“at then”
memory	bhûrm	n	NL, merging “bhol-” with “bhû” (see corresponding articles) and abstract noun suffix “-urm”	uncountable
Monday	shilârsh	n	NL, lit. “Moon day”; see “shil”, “ârsh”
month	shil	n	SV, HG (only “month”); probably from Quenya “isil”, “sil”, “silm”, Sindarin “ithil” (moon)	also period of time
moon	shil	n	SV, HG (only “month”); probably from Quenya “isil”, “sil”, “silm”, Sindarin “ithil” (moon)	also period of time
morning	ânsh	n	HG (v) < RE “ânash” (n) < LOS “ân” (Sun) < Quenya “anar”
mortality	maturm	n	EL, all major dialects “mat-” (to die)	uncountable
never	naril	pro	NL, see “nar” and “il”
new	fîn	adj	LOS < Quenya “vinya” (young, new)
new	gin	adj	DS (only “new”), probably from Etym. “GWEN” (fresh) which gives the same Quenya word “vinya”, from which “fîn” is taken
new	ûn	adj, adv	LOS < HG	may be used as clitic adverb (aspect suffix)
New Year	yûln	n	NL, merging “yû” (very old, cf.), SV “il” (time), LOS “ûn” (new), ZA “îla”, Quenya “yén”, Sindarin “în” < Etym. “YEN”, Quenya “loa” (all meaning “year”) to make resemblance with “Yule” without direct borrowing	uncountable
newly	ûnarz	adv	NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG	may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect
next	ab	adj	DS prefix “ab-” (after, behind, following)	only about time and order, not “next to” (see “mush” instead)
next (time)	abarzar	adv	see “ab”
next (time)	shi ilab	expr	see “shi”, “il”, “ab”
next time	la	prep, adv	LOS	use with objects in accusative case
night	fugh	n	NL < Gnomish “fuʒu”, “fui”	often replaced with word “darkness” (burzum)
no more than	nar makarzar (snû)	expr	see “nar”, “mak”, “snû”
no sooner (…) than	naruthar (…) snû	expr	see “nar”, “uth”, “snû”
noon	ârshnod	n	lit. “day-middle”, see “ârsh” and “nod”	uncountable
normal	thang	adj	NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar”
not long ago	ûnarz	adv	NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG	may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect
now	rad	adv	LOS	in Nûrlâm is used with meaning “now” only as clitic adverb of aspect, standalone word only in Colloquial speech (in Standard language use “zil” instead)
now	zil	pro	NL < “za” + “il” (see corresponding articles)
now that	zil amil	expr	see “zil”, “mil”
nowhen	naril	pro	NL, see “nar” and “il”
occurrence	gugsh	n	LOS < MB “gûg”
often	thil	adv, adj	all major dialects < SV (adv)
old	kû	adj	TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Sharkû”, a nickname of Saruman amongst the orcs. Translated as “old man”
olden	kûb-	v	ZA < TK “kû” (old)
on (time)	irg	prep	NL < SV, ZA “erg” (at, on)	when action (will) happen at certain time interval, but this interval is quite long (as Egnlish “on Monday”) в довольно продолжительный промежуток времени (напр. “в понедельник”); по каким-либо временным интервалам (“по вторникам”, “по утрам”)
once	asharz	adv	NL < TK “ash” (one)
once	nokh	adv	LOS < HG
once again	nokhar	adv	NL < LOS < HG	see also prefix “kru-”
once more	nokhar	adv	NL < LOS < HG	see also prefix “kru-”
one more time	nokhar	adv	NL < LOS < HG	see also prefix “kru-”
one time (only)	asharz	adv	NL < TK “ash” (one)
one time (only)	nokh	adv	LOS < HG
ordinary	thang	adj	NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar”
outcome	laskâturm	n	NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come)	uncountable
outdated	thukûbaga	pastp	NL, lit. “over-aged”; see “thu”, “kûb-”
pass	skît-	v	NL < late root “SKEY” (to pass), Neo-Quenya “xíta” (to pass, spend time)	about time
pass (about time)	bhan-	v	NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta”	also about dying
pass away	bhan-	v	NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta”	also about dying
past	hoir	adj	NL < EH (n) < Gnomish “luin” (sic!)
pause	puzt-	v	NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS”
perpetual	goir	adj	NL < Noldorin “(g)uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY”
perpetuate	goir-	v	NL, see “goir”
pre-	bhû	prefix	HG	prefix of prepared action like in “predict”, “predestination” префикс заранее подготовленного действия, например “приготовить”, “предназначать”
precede	bhûsh-	v	NL < prefix “bhû-” + “ush-” (to go), see corresponding articles
preceeding	ikûrz	adj	LOS “ik” (before)
predate	bhûsh-	v	NL < prefix “bhû-” + “ush-” (to go), see corresponding articles
preface	bhûsh-	v	NL < prefix “bhû-” + “ush-” (to go), see corresponding articles
present	radûrz	adj	NL < LOS “rad” (now)
previous	ikûrz	adj	LOS “ik” (before)
previously	dok	adv	HG
prior to	ik	prep, conj	LOS	use with objects in accusative case; not used as standalone “before” (see “dok” instead)
prior to	ugil	prep	SV	use with objects in accusative case; only in colloquial speech, “ik” is more preferable variant
proceed	frun-	v	NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn”	also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on”
procrastinate	puzt-	v	NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS”
progress	drûkhurm	n	NL “dro-” (forth, forward, pro-) + LOS “ukh-” (to go) + abstract noun suffix “-urm”; see corresponding articles
prompt	hîs	adj	LOS
put off	puzt-	v	NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS”
quick	hîs	adj	LOS
rapid	hîs	adj	LOS
rare	raih	adv, adj	NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see)
rarely	raih	adv, adj	NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see)
rathe	hîs	adj	LOS
rather	hîsarzar	adv	NL < LOS “hîs” (adj.) (fast, quick, swift, soon, rathe, etc.) + adverb suffix “-arz” + comparative suffix “-ar”	in expressions like “I'd rather…”; not with meanings “quite”, “enough” (“He is rather big”)
re-	kru	prefix	NL < LOS “krul” (“two”), “krut” (“back”, adv)	prefix of repeated action or fallback to previous state префикс повторного действия, возврата в предыдущее состояние, например в таких словах как “отвоевать”, “переделать”, “возвращаться”, “повторить” и т.п.
recall	bhol-	v	NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?)	with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget
recently	îs	adv	NL < LOS “îs-” (to begin)	clitic adverb of aspect; only about unfinished action
recently	ûnarz	adv	NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG	may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect
regular	thang	adj	NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar”
regularly	ok	adv	NL < HG “okû”; compare with NL “gok” (flat, even)	used as clitic adverb of aspect (habitual, iterative); gains meaning ”used to” (regular action in the past, not familiriaty with) only together with verb in past tense
remember	bhol-	v	NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?)	with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget
rememberance	bholurm	n	NL, merging “bhol-” with “bhû” (see corresponding articles)
remind	bhol-	v	NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?)	with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget
respite	puzt-	v	NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS”
rest	puzt-	v	NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS”
restrain	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
result	laskâturm	n	NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come)	uncountable
retain	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
retard	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
revel	birt	n	NL < Quenya “meren(de)”, Noldorin “bereth” < Etym. “MBER”
round	raug	n	HG (only “round”) < LOS “rag” < SV (to turn); compare with Etym. “RAG” (crooked)
run	khîg-	v	NL < DS “kʰīga-” (to hurry) (Isengard), “khîghâ-” (Moria) < PO “klikja-”
run (away, from, off)	irz-	v	LOS; compare with Etym. “YUR”	together with object in Elative case to clarify meaning “escape”
Saturday	ilzârsh	n	NL, lit. “Day of the Stars”, see “ilz”, “ârsh”
scarce	raih	adv, adj	NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see)
seldom	raih	adv, adj	NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see)
shall	ub	suffix	AN, probably from Quenya future tense suffix “-uva”, Old Sindarin “-ubā” (remote future suffix)	future tense suffix
since	ghâr	prep	HG < LOS “ghâra”	only about time; use with objects in accusative case
since (when)	amilah	pro	NL, see “amil”, “ah”	only about time; only relative; see “milah” for question particle; may be replaced with “ghâr”
since when?	milah	pro	NL, see “mil”, “ah”	only about time; only interrogative (in questions); see “amilah” for relative counterpart; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr mil?”
slow	fûrz	adj	NL < LOS “fûsh”; changed to avoid ambiguity with other dialects; compare with Quenya “fifíru” (to slowly fade away)
so far	zilu	pro	NL, “zil” (now) + allative case suffix “-u”	only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zizil”
so long as	zash rodharz zash	expr	see “zash”, “rodh”
sometimes	ilmûd	pro	NL, see “il” and “mûd”
soon	uth	adv	NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly)	usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-”
sooner	hîsarzar	adv	NL < LOS “hîs” (adj.) (fast, quick, swift, soon, rathe, etc.) + adverb suffix “-arz” + comparative suffix “-ar”	in expressions like “I'd rather…”; not with meanings “quite”, “enough” (“He is rather big”)
speedy	hîs	adj	LOS
spend	skît-	v	NL < late root “SKEY” (to pass), Neo-Quenya “xíta” (to pass, spend time)	about time
spring (season)	tûth	n	NL < Qenya “tuita” (to bud, burgeon, grow), Gnomish “tuitha” (to sprout) < Etym. “TUY” (spring, sprout); compare with PN “Thranduil” (Vigorous Spring)
standard	thang	adj	NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar”
start	îs-	v	LOS	“begin to” + verb is usually replaced with verb + suffix “-îs”
still	rad	adv	LOS	in Nûrlâm is used with meaning “now” only as clitic adverb of aspect, standalone word only in Colloquial speech (in Standard language use “zil” instead)
still	zizil	conj	see “zi”, “zil”	about time
subsequently	hîlarz	adv	NL, see “hîl-”
summer	lagr	n	NL < Quenya “lairë” < Etym. (AC) “LAYA”; compare also with Sindarin “laeg” (fresh, green)
Sunday	ûzhârsh	n	NL, literal translation of “Sun-day”; see “ûzh”, “ârsh”
sunrise	ânsh	n	HG (v) < RE “ânash” (n) < LOS “ân” (Sun) < Quenya “anar”
sunset	muth	n	NL, merging Sindarin “moth”, Qenya “maska” (dawn) with MERP, SV “mug”, to avoid Albanian cognate	see also “muzg”
sunset	ândh	n	NL, merging “ânsh” (morning) with “dhu” (down), “dhut-” (descend), all from HG, and Quenya “andúnë”, Sindarin “annûn” (sunset, evening, West) < Etym. “NDŪ” (go down, sink, set)
swift	hîs	adj	LOS
tear	khîg-	v	NL < DS “kʰīga-” (to hurry) (Isengard), “khîghâ-” (Moria) < PO “klikja-”
that time	zîgil	pro	NL < “za” + “il” (see corresponding articles)	only about time, not used in conditions (“if … then …”)
then	la	prep, adv	LOS	use with objects in accusative case
then	lârz	adv	adverb from “la”	about time and numerical order
then	rîg	adv	NL < LOS “rad” (now) + SV “atîg” (there)	dialectical word, only in Colloquial Nûrlâm (“zîgil” in Standard language)
then	zîgil	pro	NL < “za” + “il” (see corresponding articles)	only about time, not used in conditions (“if … then …”)
thereafter	lazîg	adv	NL, see “la”, “zîg”
this time	zil	pro	NL < “za” + “il” (see corresponding articles)
Thursday	kârshârsh	n	NL, lit. “Sea-day”; see “kârsh”, “ârsh”
till	zi	prep	LOS (“until”)	use with objects in accusative case or dependent clauses in past or future, but not present tense; with dependent clauses “amilu” is preferred используется с существительными в винительном падеже или подчинённым предложением в прошедшем или будущем времени, но без отрицательной частицы; с подчинёнными предложениями лучше использовать “amilu”
time	il	n	SV	often used as suffix to make indefinite and relative pro-adverbs of time
to (time)	zi	prep	LOS (“until”)	use with objects in accusative case or dependent clauses in past or future, but not present tense; with dependent clauses “amilu” is preferred используется с существительными в винительном падеже или подчинённым предложением в прошедшем или будущем времени, но без отрицательной частицы; с подчинёнными предложениями лучше использовать “amilu”
today	zârsh	adv, n	LOS, lit. “this day”
tomorrow	abârsh	n, adv	lit. “next day”, see “ârsh” and “ab”	variant of “ârshab”
tomorrow	ârshab	n, adv	lit. “next day”, see “ârsh” and “ab”	noun/adverb, uncountable
tonight	zafugh	adv	NL, see “za”, “fugh”
Tuesday	ornârsh	n	NL, lit. “Day of the Trees” (Two Trees of Valinor); see “orn”, “ârsh”
twilight	muth	n	NL, merging Sindarin “moth”, Qenya “maska” (dawn) with MERP, SV “mug”, to avoid Albanian cognate	see also “muzg”
until	zi	prep	LOS (“until”)	use with objects in accusative case or dependent clauses in past or future, but not present tense; with dependent clauses “amilu” is preferred используется с существительными в винительном падеже или подчинённым предложением в прошедшем или будущем времени, но без отрицательной частицы; с подчинёнными предложениями лучше использовать “amilu”
until (when)	amilu	pro	NL, see “mil”, “-u”	only about time; only relative; see “amilu” for question particle; may be replaced with “zi”
until now	zilu	pro	NL, “zil” (now) + allative case suffix “-u”	only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zizil”
until now	zizil	conj	see “zi”, “zil”	about time
until when?	milu	pro	NL, see “mil”, “-u”	only about time; only interrogative (in questions); see “amilu” for relative counterpart; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zi mil?”
used to	ok	adv	NL < HG “okû”; compare with NL “gok” (flat, even)	used as clitic adverb of aspect (habitual, iterative); gains meaning ”used to” (regular action in the past, not familiriaty with) only together with verb in past tense
usual	thang	adj	NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar”
usually	ok	adv	NL < HG “okû”; compare with NL “gok” (flat, even)	used as clitic adverb of aspect (habitual, iterative); gains meaning ”used to” (regular action in the past, not familiriaty with) only together with verb in past tense
vacation	birtârsh	n	literally “feast-day”; see “birt”, “ârsh”
vanish	bhan-	v	NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta”	also about dying
wait	darb-	v	NL < Etym. “DAR”
waste	skît-	v	NL < late root “SKEY” (to pass), Neo-Quenya “xíta” (to pass, spend time)	about time
Wednesday	nodârsh	n	NL, lit. “middle-day”; see “nod”, “ârsh”
Wednesday	nutârsh	n	NL, lit. “Heaven's day”; see “nut”, “ârsh”
week	udârsh	n	NL < “udug” (seven) + “ârsh” (day)
weekend	sligârsh	n	NL, lit. “free day”, see “slig”, “ârsh”
when	amil	pro	NL, see “mash”, “il”	only relative; see “mil” for question particle
when?	mil	pro	NL, see “mash”, “il”	only interrogative (in questions); see “amil” for relative counterpart
whenever	milkon	pro	NL, see “mil”, “kon”	only with interrogative (questions) and dubitative moods
while	kusn	conj, prep	LOS < SV or MB	use with objects in accusative case
will	ub	suffix	AN, probably from Quenya future tense suffix “-uva”, Old Sindarin “-ubā” (remote future suffix)	future tense suffix
will (do smth.) soon	uth	adv	NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly)	usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-”
winter	hîrb	n	NL, merging Quenya “hrívë” with Sindarin “rhîw”
winter solstice	yûln	n	NL, merging “yû” (very old, cf.), SV “il” (time), LOS “ûn” (new), ZA “îla”, Quenya “yén”, Sindarin “în” < Etym. “YEN”, Quenya “loa” (all meaning “year”) to make resemblance with “Yule” without direct borrowing	uncountable
within (time)	furn	prep	NL < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “vor”, “vora”, “vorë”, “voro”, etc. Similarity with English “for” is accidental	used with objects in accusative case только о времени
year	lau	n	NL < Middle-Quenya “loa”, Gnomish “lath” < Etym. “LAW” (warm)
year	ûzhraug	n	“sun cycle”
yesterday	ârshik	n, adv	lit. “the day before”, see “ârsh” and “ik”	noun/adverb, uncountable
yet	rad	adv	LOS	in Nûrlâm is used with meaning “now” only as clitic adverb of aspect, standalone word only in Colloquial speech (in Standard language use “zil” instead)
yet	zilu	pro	NL, “zil” (now) + allative case suffix “-u”	only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zizil”
yet	zizil	conj	see “zi”, “zil”	about time
yore	hoir	adj	NL < EH (n) < Gnomish “luin” (sic!)
young	fîm	adj	LOS “fîm” (youth) (n), “fîmûrz” (young) (adj) < Quenya “vinya” (young, new)
yule	yûln	n	NL, merging “yû” (very old, cf.), SV “il” (time), LOS “ûn” (new), ZA “îla”, Quenya “yén”, Sindarin “în” < Etym. “YEN”, Quenya “loa” (all meaning “year”) to make resemblance with “Yule” without direct borrowing	uncountable

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