Wordlist: Measure

This page will contain list of words related to measuring of size, distance and weight. For measures of time see category Time. For strength and some moral values see category Quality. For relative direction of movement see category Directions. For exact and relative quantity see category Quantity

English	Nûrlâm	Part of speech	Etymology	Comments
(far) away	baubarz	adv	HG “baub” (cf.)
(to the) inside	ishi	postp	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë”	Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
a lot	mak	pro	SV	if used together with noun, then noun should be in genitive case
about (place)	mush	postp, adv	LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at)	used with nouns in Adessive; add suffix -arz to transform into adverb “nearby”; add suffix -ûrz to transform into adjective
above	tala	prep	EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat)	use with objects in accusative case
altitude	târurm	n	NL < LOS “târ” (high) < Quenya “tára”	uncountable
amidst	ri	postp	LOS	intrative case suffix
among	ri	postp	LOS	intrative case suffix
amongst	ri	postp	LOS	intrative case suffix
area	lurm	n	NL < merging enya “larma” (area, space, room) < Primitive Elvish roots “LAÐA”, “lařa” (broad) < Etym. “LAD” (wide) with Etym. “LAT” (open, free) and with abstract suffix “-urm”	space, room for people, storage; uncountable
at	or	postp	LOS	Inessive case suffix, static presence; only about space in Standard Nûrlâm; in colloquial speech preposition “shi” is used
at	r	postp	LOS “ir”, “or”	adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object
at	shi	prep	LOS	only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech
at	zor	postp	LOS “or”	Inessive case suffix after vowel, static presence
atop	tala	prep	EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat)	use with objects in accusative case
average	nodûrz	adj	NL “nod” (centre) < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD”
barrel	kralt	n	NL < Primitive Elvish “keréldǝ”, Gnomish “ceral”
between	ri	postp	LOS	intrative case suffix
beyond	ithu	prep	NL, merging LOS “it” + LOS “thu” + HG “izu”	use with objects in genitive case
big	dau	adj	NL < Sindarin “daer” (great, large); compare with LOS “dur” (big, large) with same etymology
big	pol	adj	NL < Quenya “polda” (big), “poldor” (physical strength, might) < Etym. “POL”	usually about person; see also “Bolg”
broad	plan	adj	NL < Quenya “palan” < Etym. “PAL” as in “Palantir”
by (place)	mush	postp, adv	LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at)	used with nouns in Adessive; add suffix -arz to transform into adverb “nearby”; add suffix -ûrz to transform into adjective
circle	raug	n	HG (only “round”) < LOS “rag” < SV (to turn); compare with Etym. “RAG” (crooked)
close to	mush	postp, adv	LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at)	used with nouns in Adessive; add suffix -arz to transform into adverb “nearby”; add suffix -ûrz to transform into adjective
colossal	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
cubit	holb	n	NL, merging Qenya “óleme” (elbow) < root “OLO” with Noldorin “golf”, “-holf” (branch, wand) < Primitive Elvish “golbâ” < Etym. “GÓLOB”	also unit of measure
cycle	raug	n	HG (only “round”) < LOS “rag” < SV (to turn); compare with Etym. “RAG” (crooked)
deep	dhun	adj, adv	NL < HG “dhu” (downward), “nû” (deep); compare with Etym. “NDU” (go down, sink) from which PN “Númenór” came (sink > sunset > West > West-land); compare with Etym. “NŪ”, “UNU” (down, underneath); compare with Quenya PN “Utumno”, Sindarin “Udûn” (lit. “Dark Pit”, a fortress of Morgoth) < Etym. “TUB” (fall low, go down, sink, dive, deep valley)
deep	nûrm	n	NL < HG “nû” (deep) < Etym. “NŪ” (below, under) + abstract suffix “-urm”	uncountable
deep	nûz	adj	NL < HG “nû” (deep) < “NŪ” (below, under); changed to avoid cognates
depth	nûrm	n	NL < HG “nû” (deep) < Etym. “NŪ” (below, under) + abstract suffix “-urm”	uncountable
dimension	dulz	n	HG
distance	gâb	n	LOS, SV, HG < MB
distant	baubûrz	adj	HG “baub” (cf.)
elbow	holb	n	NL, merging Qenya “óleme” (elbow) < root “OLO” with Noldorin “golf”, “-holf” (branch, wand) < Primitive Elvish “golbâ” < Etym. “GÓLOB”	also unit of measure
elbow-room	lurm	n	NL < merging enya “larma” (area, space, room) < Primitive Elvish roots “LAÐA”, “lařa” (broad) < Etym. “LAD” (wide) with Etym. “LAT” (open, free) and with abstract suffix “-urm”	space, room for people, storage; uncountable
emptiness	shad	n	DS	also with suffix “-urm” or “-um”; uncountable
empty	lushd	adj	NL, merging Etym. “LUS” with DS “shad”; compare with Quenya “lusta”, Ilkorin “lost”, Noldorin “lhost”
enormous	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
enough	thlûk	adv	LOS < SV
extensive	yan	adj	NL < Quenya “yána”, Sindarin “iaun” (wide, vast, huge)
far	baubûrz	adj	HG “baub” (cf.)
far (from)	baub	postp	HG	use with nouns in Ablative; add -arz suffix to transform into adverb; add -ûrz suffix to transform into adjective “далеко” = “baubarz”; “дальний” = “baubûrz”
fast	hîs	adj	LOS
feet	thul	n	DS (Isengard) “tʰul” < Quenya “tál”, Sindarin “tâl”	also a unit of measure
following	ab	adj	DS prefix “ab-” (after, behind, following)	only about time and order, not “next to” (see “mush” instead)
foot	thul	n	DS (Isengard) “tʰul” < Quenya “tál”, Sindarin “tâl”	also a unit of measure
formidable	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
gap	don	n	NL < Noldorin “dîn” (opening, gap, mountain pass) < Etym. “DEN”
gauge	glâd-	v	SV, also noun in LOS
giant	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
giant	nûrs	n	LOS < Middle-Quenya “norsa”, Noldorin “noroth”
gigantic	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
great	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
great	dau	adj	NL < Sindarin “daer” (great, large); compare with LOS “dur” (big, large) with same etymology
grow	ghalb-	v	NL < Noldorin “galw” (growth), Quenya “alwa” (well-grown) < Etym. “GALA” (to grow; thrive); compare with ZA “ghald-” (to grow stately, greatly); compare with Sindarin “gala” (to grow)	to become big
hasty	hîs	adj	LOS
heap	hosh	n	TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, PE 17	set noun, requires another noun to be in genitive case or to be placed before as modifier: “heap of dung” = “hosh bûbob” = “bûb-hosh” = “dung-heap”
heap	tub	n	MERP	set noun, requires another noun to be in genitive case or to be placed before as modifier: “pile of shit” = “tub pushob” = “pushtub” = “shit-pile”
heavy	bûrd	adj	NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bur” (weight), “burûrz” (heavy) < MB with LP “brauda” < Adûnaic “burôda”, “buruda”; resemblance to English “burden” is accidental
height	târurm	n	NL < LOS “târ” (high) < Quenya “tára”	uncountable
high	târ	adj	LOS < Quenya “tára”
high(est) (status)	talûrz	adj	NL, standard adjective from EL “tala” (cf.)
highness	târurm	n	NL < LOS “târ” (high) < Quenya “tára”	uncountable
hindmost	tîl	adj	LOS < Quenya “talla”, “telu”	mostly about numerical order or distance
hollow	lushd	adj	NL, merging Etym. “LUS” with DS “shad”; compare with Quenya “lusta”, Ilkorin “lost”, Noldorin “lhost”
huge	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
immense	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
in	ishi	postp	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë”	Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
in	or	postp	LOS	Inessive case suffix, static presence; only about space in Standard Nûrlâm; in colloquial speech preposition “shi” is used
in	r	postp	LOS “ir”, “or”	adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object
in	shi	postp	see “ishi”	Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
in	shi	prep	LOS	only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech
in	zor	postp	LOS “or”	Inessive case suffix after vowel, static presence
inside	nâd	adv, postp	NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (amongst) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”; see also “nod”	used standalone as adverb or with objects in inessive or genitive case; may be replaced with just inessive case (preferable); expressions like “to the inside” and “from inside” are translated with just Illative and Elative cases correspondingly
inside	shi	postp	see “ishi”	Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
interval	gâb	n	LOS, SV, HG < MB
into	ishi	postp	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë”	Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
into	shi	postp	see “ishi”	Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
inwards	ishi	postp	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë”	Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
inwards	nâd	adv, postp	NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (amongst) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”; see also “nod”	used standalone as adverb or with objects in inessive or genitive case; may be replaced with just inessive case (preferable); expressions like “to the inside” and “from inside” are translated with just Illative and Elative cases correspondingly
inwards	shi	postp	see “ishi”	Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
large	dau	adj	NL < Sindarin “daer” (great, large); compare with LOS “dur” (big, large) with same etymology
large	pol	adj	NL < Quenya “polda” (big), “poldor” (physical strength, might) < Etym. “POL”	usually about person; see also “Bolg”
last	tîl	adj	LOS < Quenya “talla”, “telu”	mostly about numerical order or distance
league	laur	n	NL, merging Sindarin “daur” and Quenya “lár” < Etym. “DAR” (stay, wait, stop, remain)	unit of measure, distance walked in 1 hour
least	mikaz	adj, adv	SV
length	rodhurm	n	NL < HG “rodh” (long)	uncountable
lengthen	sig-	v	LOS
less	mikar	adj, adv	SV
lesser	mikar	adj, adv	SV
lieu	laur	n	NL, merging Sindarin “daur” and Quenya “lár” < Etym. “DAR” (stay, wait, stop, remain)	unit of measure, distance walked in 1 hour
light-weight	sta	adj	SV, HG “sta” (small, little, low, short, puny, light-weight); compare with Etym. “STINTÂ” (short)	may be treated as diminutive affix when merged with noun
little	mik	adj	SV	may be treated as diminutive suffix when merged with noun
little	sta	adj	SV, HG “sta” (small, little, low, short, puny, light-weight); compare with Etym. “STINTÂ” (short)	may be treated as diminutive affix when merged with noun
little	stârz	adv	see “sta” + adv. suffix “-arz”
long	rodh	adj	HG
long	sigûrz	adj	see “sig”
longitude	rodhurm	n	NL < HG “rodh” (long)	uncountable
longness	rodhurm	n	NL < HG “rodh” (long)	uncountable
low	dhun	adj, adv	NL < HG “dhu” (downward), “nû” (deep); compare with Etym. “NDU” (go down, sink) from which PN “Númenór” came (sink > sunset > West > West-land); compare with Etym. “NŪ”, “UNU” (down, underneath); compare with Quenya PN “Utumno”, Sindarin “Udûn” (lit. “Dark Pit”, a fortress of Morgoth) < Etym. “TUB” (fall low, go down, sink, dive, deep valley)
low	sta	adj	SV, HG “sta” (small, little, low, short, puny, light-weight); compare with Etym. “STINTÂ” (short)	may be treated as diminutive affix when merged with noun
many	mak	pro	SV	if used together with noun, then noun should be in genitive case
massive	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
mean	nodûrz	adj	NL “nod” (centre) < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD”
measure	glâd-	v	SV, also noun in LOS
medium	nodûrz	adj	NL “nod” (centre) < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD”
middle	nodûrz	adj	NL “nod” (centre) < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD”
much	mak	pro	SV	if used together with noun, then noun should be in genitive case
narrow	yat	adj	NL < Quenya “yatta” (narrow neck) < Etym. “YAK”
near	mush	postp, adv	LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at)	used with nouns in Adessive; add suffix -arz to transform into adverb “nearby”; add suffix -ûrz to transform into adjective
nearby	mush	postp, adv	LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at)	used with nouns in Adessive; add suffix -arz to transform into adverb “nearby”; add suffix -ûrz to transform into adjective
next	ab	adj	DS prefix “ab-” (after, behind, following)	only about time and order, not “next to” (see “mush” instead)
next to	mush	postp, adv	LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at)	used with nouns in Adessive; add suffix -arz to transform into adverb “nearby”; add suffix -ûrz to transform into adjective
nihil	shad	n	DS	also with suffix “-urm” or “-um”; uncountable
nothingness	shad	n	DS	also with suffix “-urm” or “-um”; uncountable
on	r	postp	LOS “ir”, “or”	adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object
on top of	r	postp	LOS “ir”, “or”	adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object
on top of	tala	prep	EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat)	use with objects in accusative case
opening	don	n	NL < Noldorin “dîn” (opening, gap, mountain pass) < Etym. “DEN”
over	tala	prep	EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat)	use with objects in accusative case
pace	prak	n	MERP	also unit of measure
passage	don	n	NL < Noldorin “dîn” (opening, gap, mountain pass) < Etym. “DEN”
pile	tub	n	MERP	set noun, requires another noun to be in genitive case or to be placed before as modifier: “pile of shit” = “tub pushob” = “pushtub” = “shit-pile”
place	in	n	NL < ? Qenya “erin” (v) (remains), however “-in” in Qenya is 3rd person suffix (changed to 1st person in later Quenya)	not “town place”; used as suffix in various relative and indefinite adverbs
prompt	hîs	adj	LOS
quick	hîs	adj	LOS
range	gâb	n	LOS, SV, HG < MB
rapid	hîs	adj	LOS
rathe	hîs	adj	LOS
reach	bazgurm	n	NL < SV, see “bazg”, “bazg-”	a distance to which a person could touch with their hand; uncountable расстояние, область до которой можно дотянуться рукой
rectangle	tîrbonz	n	NL, lit. “straight angle”; see “tîr”, “bonz”
room (for)	lurm	n	NL < merging enya “larma” (area, space, room) < Primitive Elvish roots “LAÐA”, “lařa” (broad) < Etym. “LAD” (wide) with Etym. “LAT” (open, free) and with abstract suffix “-urm”	space, room for people, storage; uncountable
roomy	yan	adj	NL < Quenya “yána”, Sindarin “iaun” (wide, vast, huge)
round	raug	n	HG (only “round”) < LOS “rag” < SV (to turn); compare with Etym. “RAG” (crooked)
satisfy	thlûk-	v	RN < LOS (adv. “enough”) < SV
shallow	dalf	adj	NL < Sindarin PN “Nindalf”, “talf” (wang, flat field), Noldorin “dalw” (flat), “dalath” (flat surface, plain, plane) < Etym. “TALAM” (floor, base)	antonym to “deep”
shoal	dalf	adj	NL < Sindarin PN “Nindalf”, “talf” (wang, flat field), Noldorin “dalw” (flat), “dalath” (flat surface, plain, plane) < Etym. “TALAM” (floor, base)	antonym to “deep”
short	sta	adj	SV, HG “sta” (small, little, low, short, puny, light-weight); compare with Etym. “STINTÂ” (short)	may be treated as diminutive affix when merged with noun
size	dulz	n	HG
slow	fûrz	adj	NL < LOS “fûsh”; changed to avoid ambiguity with other dialects; compare with Quenya “fifíru” (to slowly fade away)
small	mik	adj	SV	may be treated as diminutive suffix when merged with noun
small	sta	adj	SV, HG “sta” (small, little, low, short, puny, light-weight); compare with Etym. “STINTÂ” (short)	may be treated as diminutive affix when merged with noun
space	don	n	NL < Noldorin “dîn” (opening, gap, mountain pass) < Etym. “DEN”
space	lurm	n	NL < merging enya “larma” (area, space, room) < Primitive Elvish roots “LAÐA”, “lařa” (broad) < Etym. “LAD” (wide) with Etym. “LAT” (open, free) and with abstract suffix “-urm”	space, room for people, storage; uncountable
speedy	hîs	adj	LOS
square (shape)	tîrbonz	n	NL, lit. “straight angle”; see “tîr”, “bonz”
step	prak	n	MERP	also unit of measure
stretch	sig-	v	LOS
strong	pol	adj	NL < Quenya “polda” (big), “poldor” (physical strength, might) < Etym. “POL”	usually about person; see also “Bolg”
suffice	thlûk-	v	RN < LOS (adv. “enough”) < SV
swift	hîs	adj	LOS
tall	târ	adj	LOS < Quenya “tára”
thick	hath	adj	HG “thick, heavy”
thin	boh	adj	HG “slim, thin, slight, slender”, compare with LOS “bukol”, both marked as borrowed from SV, but not found there with such meaning
thrive	ghalb-	v	NL < Noldorin “galw” (growth), Quenya “alwa” (well-grown) < Etym. “GALA” (to grow; thrive); compare with ZA “ghald-” (to grow stately, greatly); compare with Sindarin “gala” (to grow)	to become big
tiny	mik	adj	SV	may be treated as diminutive suffix when merged with noun
tiny	sta	adj	SV, HG “sta” (small, little, low, short, puny, light-weight); compare with Etym. “STINTÂ” (short)	may be treated as diminutive affix when merged with noun
top	talûrz	adj	NL, standard adjective from EL “tala” (cf.)
tremendous	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
up the (…)	tala	prep	EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat)	use with objects in accusative case
upper	talûrz	adj	NL, standard adjective from EL “tala” (cf.)
vast	bha	adj	NL < MERP “fha”; changed according to Nûrlâm's phonetical rules; may be also explained by shortening of “bûb-hosh” (with meaning “great”)	may be used as augmentative particle
vast	yan	adj	NL < Quenya “yána”, Sindarin “iaun” (wide, vast, huge)
void	lushd	adj	NL, merging Etym. “LUS” with DS “shad”; compare with Quenya “lusta”, Ilkorin “lost”, Noldorin “lhost”
void	shad	n	DS	also with suffix “-urm” or “-um”; uncountable
wide	plan	adj	NL < Quenya “palan” < Etym. “PAL” as in “Palantir”
wide	yan	adj	NL < Quenya “yána”, Sindarin “iaun” (wide, vast, huge)
within	ishi	postp	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë”	Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
within	shi	postp	see “ishi”	Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
within (place)	nâd	adv, postp	NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (amongst) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”; see also “nod”	used standalone as adverb or with objects in inessive or genitive case; may be replaced with just inessive case (preferable); expressions like “to the inside” and “from inside” are translated with just Illative and Elative cases correspondingly

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