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This page will contain list of words related to higher nervous functions: speech, thinking and emotions. For personal qualities and abstract traits of character see category Quality, for sensory perception see category Senses.
English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
(prospective aspect suffix) | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
abandon | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
abhor | dolb- | v | NL < Noldorin “delb” (horrible, abominable, loathsome), “delw” (hateful, deadly, fell) < Etym. “DYEL” (feel fear and disgust, abhor) as in early “Dor Deadhelos” (Land of the Shadow of Abomination) | strong disgust |
abide | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
accept | bhûl- | v | LOS | more about thoughts than material objects |
accuse | slog- | v | NL < LOS “sloi-” (to accuse); changed according to Nûrlâm rules | |
act | okt- | v | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war); resemblance to English “act” is accidental or through Tolkien’s pun in QL | |
actual | kog | adj | NL < ZA “kog-” (to speak, tell truth) | |
actually | kogarz | adv | see “kog” | |
admire | ilm- | v | NL < Gnomish “elm(en)” (wonder, marvel, n.) | usually passive with object in Instrumental case |
afraid | uglaga | pastp | see “ugl-” | object of fear should be in Instrumental case, however in colloquial speech it may be in Genitive, as in English |
agree | akh- | v | LOS | with somebody – use Comitative case |
altar | gorthin | n | NL, lit. “worship-place”, cognate with Gnomish “gorthin” (fane, temple) | place of worship, place for sacrifice |
anger | uruth | n | NL < Sindarin “oroth”, “rûth”, Quenya “ursa” | |
annoy | fizg- | v | NL < Gnomish “fesca” | |
argue | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
arouse | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
assume | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
astute | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
attaint | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
attitude | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
augur | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
await | darb- | v | NL < Etym. “DAR” | |
awry | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
be about to | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
be about to | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
be blue | dimb- | v | NL < Ilkorin “dimb” (sad), “dim” (gloom) < Etym. “DEM” | |
be curious | kizg- | v | NL < Quenya “cesya” (to cause interest, to cause one to enquire) < “ces” (to search, examine) | to want to know; use with object in instrumental case |
be glad | glaz- | v | NL, see “glaz” (adj.) | usually intransitive, clarify meaning “to delight” with object in Dative case instead of Accusative |
be going to | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
be going to | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
be interested (in) | kizg- | v | NL < Quenya “cesya” (to cause interest, to cause one to enquire) < “ces” (to search, examine) | to want to know; use with object in instrumental case |
be sad | dimb- | v | NL < Ilkorin “dimb” (sad), “dim” (gloom) < Etym. “DEM” | |
be up to | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
be wise | gol- | v | TK, AO, UT, PN “golug”; Etym. “ÑGOL” (wise), compare with “gûl” | means deeper, secret knowledge, wisdom |
bear (pain, trouble) | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
before long | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
behave | okt- | v | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war); resemblance to English “act” is accidental or through Tolkien’s pun in QL | |
behavior | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
behaviour | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
belief | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
believe | kân- | v | LOS < HG “kan-” | believe what the person says |
believe (in) | samb- | v | NL, merging Quenya “sav-” (to believe) < Primitive Elvish “SAB” with LOS “tum” < SV | believe in what person does, believe in idea |
bet (on) | fadr- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
betray | fûrth- | v | NL < LOS (LUG) “fûr-” + Noldorin “gwarth” (betrayer) < Etym. “WAR” (give way, yield, not endure, let down, betray) | |
bewail | brûg- | v | LOS (SN) (only “to lament”) | |
blame | slog- | v | NL < LOS “sloi-” (to accuse); changed according to Nûrlâm rules | |
bode | faltan | n | NL, merging “falg”, “falt” with “tan” (see corresponding articles); lit. “sign of fortune” | |
boring | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
bother | mudh- | v | NL < RN < LOS, HG “mudhn-” | |
brain | tunk | n | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
bring up | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
calm (down) | bort- | v | NL < HG “borz” (n) | |
care | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
carouse | dafr- | v | LOS, HG < SV “dafar” < MERP; compare with Gnomish “dair” (play, merriment) < Etym. “TYAL” (play) | |
catastrophe | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
celebrate | flûst- | v | LOS | to make party in honor of some person or event |
certain | durt | adj | LOS | |
certainly | durtarz | adv | see “durt” | |
certainly | rûzarz | adv | see “rûz” | |
cheat | fûrth- | v | NL < LOS (LUG) “fûr-” + Noldorin “gwarth” (betrayer) < Etym. “WAR” (give way, yield, not endure, let down, betray) | |
cheat | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
cheer | gomb- | v | NL < Qenya “yambo” (cheer, shout of triumph), Gnomish “gôm” (shout, call) < Primitive Elvish root “YAMA” | |
cherish | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
clever | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
competition | mund | n | SV < MERP | скорее “игры” |
conceive | noth- | v | NL < Noldorin “nauth” (thought), “nautha-” (to conceive), Quenya “nause” (imagination) < Etym. “NOWO” | |
conception | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
conjecture | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
connotate | idr- | v | NL < Etym. “ID” (heart, desire, wish); compare with Noldorin “idhren” (pondering, wise, thoughtful), “idher” (thoughtfulness) of same etymology | |
consider | ûst- | v | NL, merging LOS “ûs-” (to think) with Gnomish “sad” (to reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider) | |
considering that | ûstug zamash | expr | NL, see “ûst-”, “zamash” | |
considering this | ûstug za | expr | NL, see “ûst-”, “za” | |
contemn | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
contemn | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
contest | mund | n | SV < MERP | скорее “игры” |
contradict | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
correct | than | adj | NL < Sindarin “thand”, Noldorin “thenid”, Quenya “sanda” < Etym. “STAN” (firm, fix, decide, true, regular) | |
count (on) | samb- | v | NL, merging Quenya “sav-” (to believe) < Primitive Elvish “SAB” with LOS “tum” < SV | believe in what person does, believe in idea |
cradle | lûrzh- | v | NL, merging “lor-” (to sleep) with “lûzh-” (to swing); see corresponding articles | rock, swing to sleep smb. |
crazy | trîn | adj | LOS < SV | |
credo | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
creed | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
cry | blord- | v | LOS | cry with tears |
cunning | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
cunning | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
curious | kizgûrz | adj | NL, see “kizg-” | |
danger | bai | n | all major DBS dialects < MB | |
danger | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
dare | hûr- | v | LOS < TK PN “Mauhûr”, Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
daresay | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
deal (with) | magd- | v | NL < Quenya “mahta”, Sindarin “maetha” (to handle, wield, deal with, treat) < Etym. “MAGH” (hand), “MAG” (to use, handle), Primitive Elvish root “MAH” (to handle, manage, control, wield); compare with NL “mâgz”, “maug-”, “mog”[3] | |
deceit | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
deceive | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
decide | prudh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “pridu” < Primitive Elvish root “PṚTṚ” (to judge) with LOS “urdan-” < SV < MERP “urdân” (command, n), “urdanog-” (to command) < Albanian “urdhëroj” ? | |
defame | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
defy | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
defy | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
delight | glaz- | v | NL, see “glaz” (adj.) | usually intransitive, clarify meaning “to delight” with object in Dative case instead of Accusative |
demeanor | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
desire | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
despair | narkh- | v | NL < merging TK “nar” (negative particle) + NL “khard-” (to hope) < Noldorin “hartha-” with Sindarin “naer”, Quenya “naira” (dreadful, unendurable) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), “NÁYAK” (pain) with Qenya “naira” (dire, grievous) < Primitive Elvish “ŊAHYA” | intansitive |
desperate | hîrd | adj | NL, merging Gnomish “uchirthol” (reckless, careless) with NL “khard-” (to hope); see also “narkh-” (to despair) | |
desperate | hûrz | adj | NL < TK PN “Mauhúr”; ? Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
despise | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
despise | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
detest | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
difficulty | traz | n | NL < Noldorin “trasta” (to harass, trouble), Old Noldorin “tarsa” (trouble, n.) | light inconvenience |
disagree | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
discard | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
discredit | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
disdain | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
disgrace | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
dishonor | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
dislike | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
disobey | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
disregard | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
distorted | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
distress | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
disturb | mudh- | v | NL < RN < LOS, HG “mudhn-” | |
divine | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
dogma | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
dolor | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
doubt | hush | n | LOS < MB (opinion?) | uncountable |
dread | goth | adj | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”; Etym. “GOTH”, “GOS” (dread, terror); compare with PN “Osse”, “Mandos”; see also “gozd” | |
dread | ufur | n | NL < LOS “ufum”, “ufur-” (fear), also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; only noun in NL, see “furg-” for verb | fear of smth., not frighten smb. else; uncountable |
dreadful | goth | adj | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”; Etym. “GOTH”, “GOS” (dread, terror); compare with PN “Osse”, “Mandos”; see also “gozd” | |
dream | taur- | v | NL < Summoning “taurzur” (dreams, n) | dream about, not sleep |
dull | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
duty | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
education | tailurm | n | LOS, SV < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
effort | rîthurm | n | NL, see “rîth-” | uncountable |
endeavour | rîthurm | n | NL, see “rîth-” | uncountable |
endure | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
enigma | darn | n | NL, merging LOS “ândar” < MERP “ândartar” (adj.) with Sindarin “torn”, “thurin” (hidden, secret, adj.) | something unknown |
enjoy | glaz- | v | NL, see “glaz” (adj.) | usually intransitive, clarify meaning “to delight” with object in Dative case instead of Accusative |
enquire | hozd- | v | NL < Quenya “cesta” (to ask, seek), “ces” (to search, examine) | |
error | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
esteem | ûst- | v | NL, merging LOS “ûs-” (to think) with Gnomish “sad” (to reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider) | |
exalt | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
examine | hozd- | v | NL < Quenya “cesta” (to ask, seek), “ces” (to search, examine) | |
excite | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
excuse | gont- | v | NL, merging LOS, HG “gotl” < SV with Sindarin “gohena” < root “SEN” (let loose, free, let go) | indirect object or recipient shall be in Dative case |
exercise | tailurm | n | LOS, SV < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
expect | darb- | v | NL < Etym. “DAR” | |
explain | rizûrb- | v | NL, lit. “to between-understand”, “to inter-understand”; see “ri”, “zûrb-” | |
exult | gomb- | v | NL < Qenya “yambo” (cheer, shout of triumph), Gnomish “gôm” (shout, call) < Primitive Elvish root “YAMA” | |
fact | kogurm | n | see “kog” | |
failure | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
fair | than | adj | NL < Sindarin “thand”, Noldorin “thenid”, Quenya “sanda” < Etym. “STAN” (firm, fix, decide, true, regular) | |
faith | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
fall (down) | lûmp- | v | LOS | also morally |
fault | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
fear | furg- | v | NL, merging Quenya “þorya” (to dread, feel fear) < root “THOS”, with Qenya “varka” (to bode, dread, fear) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚKṚ” and with LOS “ufur-”, also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; see also “uf-”, “ufur” | passive, fear of smth., not frighten smb. else |
fear | ufur | n | NL < LOS “ufum”, “ufur-” (fear), also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; only noun in NL, see “furg-” for verb | fear of smth., not frighten smb. else; uncountable |
feast | dafr- | v | LOS, HG < SV “dafar” < MERP; compare with Gnomish “dair” (play, merriment) < Etym. “TYAL” (play) | |
feel | gusn- | v | SV | usage: 1) with noun 2) with reflexive pronoun + adverb 3) may be replaced with impersonal clause with dative |
feel disgust | dolb- | v | NL < Noldorin “delb” (horrible, abominable, loathsome), “delw” (hateful, deadly, fell) < Etym. “DYEL” (feel fear and disgust, abhor) as in early “Dor Deadhelos” (Land of the Shadow of Abomination) | strong disgust |
feel sadness | dimb- | v | NL < Ilkorin “dimb” (sad), “dim” (gloom) < Etym. “DEM” | |
flattery | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
flout | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
focus (circus) | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
fool | glob | n | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, HOME 12 (PM) | |
fool | pah | n | HG | |
fool (smb. else) | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
for sure | durtarz | adv | see “durt” | |
for sure | rûzarz | adv | see “rûz” | |
forebode | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
forecast | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
foresight | drothakurm | n | NL, see “dro”, “thak” | divine intervention |
foretell | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
forget | ribhol- | v | NL, see “ri”, “bhol-” | |
forgive | gont- | v | NL, merging LOS, HG “gotl” < SV with Sindarin “gohena” < root “SEN” (let loose, free, let go) | indirect object or recipient shall be in Dative case |
form idea | noth- | v | NL < Noldorin “nauth” (thought), “nautha-” (to conceive), Quenya “nause” (imagination) < Etym. “NOWO” | |
foster | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
frighten | ugl- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, PN “Uglúk”; ? Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” (horrible, hideous); ? Hurrian “ugil” (frighten); ? Etym. “UGU” (negative prefix) | translation is speculative |
frightened | uglaga | pastp | see “ugl-” | object of fear should be in Instrumental case, however in colloquial speech it may be in Genitive, as in English |
frown | lork- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “laur” (threatening), “lur” (to frown), “lurc” (frown, n.) < root “LURU” | about facial expression |
fuck-up | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
fun | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
funny | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
gambit | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
game(s) | mund | n | SV < MERP | скорее “игры” |
gay | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
gimmick | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
give clue | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
glad | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
goal | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
greed for | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
grief | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
grieve | brûg- | v | LOS (SN) (only “to lament”) | |
guess | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
guilt | gob | n | NL < EH “gobu” < Qenya “káma” | uncountable |
habit | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
hack | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
handle | magd- | v | NL < Quenya “mahta”, Sindarin “maetha” (to handle, wield, deal with, treat) < Etym. “MAGH” (hand), “MAG” (to use, handle), Primitive Elvish root “MAH” (to handle, manage, control, wield); compare with NL “mâgz”, “maug-”, “mog”[3] | |
happy | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
harsh | hazt | adj | MERP; probably from Icelandic “harðdrægur” | metaphorically, about character, speech |
hate | mok- | v | LOS < Qenya “moko” in Quenya PN “Kosomoko” (war-hate, strife-and-hatred) aka “Gothmog” | |
have faith (in) | samb- | v | NL, merging Quenya “sav-” (to believe) < Primitive Elvish “SAB” with LOS “tum” < SV | believe in what person does, believe in idea |
have mercy on | kask- | v | NL < SV (BA) “kaskût” (mercy, n) | use with object in accusative case |
hazard | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
hint | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
hope | khard- | v | NL < Noldorin “hartha-”, “harthad” (n), Gnomish (n) “hodhir”, “hôth” | |
hopeless | hîrd | adj | NL, merging Gnomish “uchirthol” (reckless, careless) with NL “khard-” (to hope); see also “narkh-” (to despair) | |
horror | ufur | n | NL < LOS “ufum”, “ufur-” (fear), also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; only noun in NL, see “furg-” for verb | fear of smth., not frighten smb. else; uncountable |
hypocrisy | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
I am fed of (…) | brus-(uz)-(â/û) thlûk (…)-ob dazûr | expr | lit. “There it have enough of … for me” | |
I am over (…) | brus-(uz)-(â/û) thlûk (…)-ob dazûr | expr | lit. “There it have enough of … for me” | |
I have had enough of (…) | brus-(uz)-(â/û) thlûk (…)-ob dazûr | expr | lit. “There it have enough of … for me” | |
idea | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
idiot | pah | n | HG | |
idle | frûz | adj | LOS | |
ignore | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
image | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
imagine | noth- | v | NL < Noldorin “nauth” (thought), “nautha-” (to conceive), Quenya “nause” (imagination) < Etym. “NOWO” | |
imply | idr- | v | NL < Etym. “ID” (heart, desire, wish); compare with Noldorin “idhren” (pondering, wise, thoughtful), “idher” (thoughtfulness) of same etymology | |
incite | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
indeed | kogarz | adv | see “kog” | |
information | îsturm | n | NL < LOS “îst-” (to know) | uncountable |
inkle | nath- | v | NL < Qenya “naus” (suspicion), Gnomish “naf” (to suspect, have inkling of) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
insane | trîn | adj | LOS < SV | |
intelligence | tunkurm | n | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | uncountable |
intend | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
intention | dind | n | NL, merging Quenya “indo” (state of mind, inner thought, mood, will), “indu” (do on purpose), Sindarin “ind” (purpose, intention), “nîdh” (full vigorous purpose, exertion of will) < Primitive Elvish roots “NID”, “IN(ID)” with NL “dirb” (will, cf.) | |
interesting | kizgûrz | adj | NL, see “kizg-” | |
interpret | rizûrb- | v | NL, lit. “to between-understand”, “to inter-understand”; see “ri”, “zûrb-” | |
interrogate | hozd- | v | NL < Quenya “cesta” (to ask, seek), “ces” (to search, examine) | |
intriguing | kizgûrz | adj | NL, see “kizg-” | |
irksome | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
irresponsible | frûz | adj | LOS | |
irritate | fizg- | v | NL < Gnomish “fesca” | |
itch | fizg- | v | NL < Gnomish “fesca” | |
job | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
joy | gomb- | v | NL < Qenya “yambo” (cheer, shout of triumph), Gnomish “gôm” (shout, call) < Primitive Elvish root “YAMA” | |
joyful | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
keep an eye (on) | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
know | gol- | v | TK, AO, UT, PN “golug”; Etym. “ÑGOL” (wise), compare with “gûl” | means deeper, secret knowledge, wisdom |
know | îst- | v | LOS < Quenya “ista” as in “Istari” (wizards) < Etym. “IS” | may be used with objects (know who or some thing) and with adverbials (know how, know what to do) |
knowledge | îsturm | n | NL < LOS “îst-” (to know) | uncountable |
labour | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
lament | brûg- | v | LOS (SN) (only “to lament”) | |
lazy | frûz | adj | LOS | |
learn | nûrl- | v | LOS < HG | |
lech | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
lie (tell untruth) | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
like | brogb- | v | LOS < HG “like, favor, fancy” | but not in expression “I would like” |
loathe | dolb- | v | NL < Noldorin “delb” (horrible, abominable, loathsome), “delw” (hateful, deadly, fell) < Etym. “DYEL” (feel fear and disgust, abhor) as in early “Dor Deadhelos” (Land of the Shadow of Abomination) | strong disgust |
loathe | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
long | dimb- | v | NL < Ilkorin “dimb” (sad), “dim” (gloom) < Etym. “DEM” | |
long for | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
look after | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
lose hope | narkh- | v | NL < merging TK “nar” (negative particle) + NL “khard-” (to hope) < Noldorin “hartha-” with Sindarin “naer”, Quenya “naira” (dreadful, unendurable) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), “NÁYAK” (pain) with Qenya “naira” (dire, grievous) < Primitive Elvish “ŊAHYA” | intansitive |
love | brogb- | v | LOS < HG “like, favor, fancy” | but not in expression “I would like” |
lull | lûrzh- | v | NL, merging “lor-” (to sleep) with “lûzh-” (to swing); see corresponding articles | rock, swing to sleep smb. |
lure | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
lust | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
mad | trîn | adj | LOS < SV | |
make horny | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
marvel | ilm- | v | NL < Gnomish “elm(en)” (wonder, marvel, n.) | usually passive with object in Instrumental case |
mean | idr- | v | NL < Etym. “ID” (heart, desire, wish); compare with Noldorin “idhren” (pondering, wise, thoughtful), “idher” (thoughtfulness) of same etymology | |
memory | bhûrm | n | NL, merging “bhol-” with “bhû” (see corresponding articles) and abstract noun suffix “-urm” | uncountable |
merry | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
mind | furm | n | NL, merging LOS “frûm” < MERP < Albanian “frymë” with Quenya “fairë”, Sindarin “faer” with NL abstract suffix “-urm” | uncountable |
mind | samd | n | NL, merging Quenya “sáma”, “sanwe” and “indo” of similar meaning; compare with “samb-” (to believe) and “ûs” (to think) | |
mind | tunk | n | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
mind (against) | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
misfortune | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
miss | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
mistake | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
mourn | brûg- | v | LOS (SN) (only “to lament”) | |
mystery | darn | n | NL, merging LOS “ândar” < MERP “ândartar” (adj.) with Sindarin “torn”, “thurin” (hidden, secret, adj.) | something unknown |
need | narg- | v | DS (want), LOS “nargzab-” (need, want, have to) < SV, probably from “nar-” (no) and “zab-” (to own, possess), so lit. “do not have” | |
neglect | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
nourish | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
nuisance | traz | n | NL < Noldorin “trasta” (to harass, trouble), Old Noldorin “tarsa” (trouble, n.) | light inconvenience |
numbskull | pah | n | HG | |
nurse | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
nurture | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
object (to) | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
objective | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
of course | durtarz | adv | see “durt” | |
omen | faltan | n | NL, merging “falg”, “falt” with “tan” (see corresponding articles); lit. “sign of fortune” | |
oppose | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
pardon | gont- | v | NL, merging LOS, HG “gotl” < SV with Sindarin “gohena” < root “SEN” (let loose, free, let go) | indirect object or recipient shall be in Dative case |
parent | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
party | dafr- | v | LOS, HG < SV “dafar” < MERP; compare with Gnomish “dair” (play, merriment) < Etym. “TYAL” (play) | |
perceive | gusn- | v | SV | usage: 1) with noun 2) with reflexive pronoun + adverb 3) may be replaced with impersonal clause with dative |
perverted | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
picture | noth- | v | NL < Noldorin “nauth” (thought), “nautha-” (to conceive), Quenya “nause” (imagination) < Etym. “NOWO” | |
plan | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
pluck | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
practice | tailurm | n | LOS, SV < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
predict | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
privacy | dhûr | n | HG (secret) | confidentional or private information |
problem | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
problem | traz | n | NL < Noldorin “trasta” (to harass, trouble), Old Noldorin “tarsa” (trouble, n.) | light inconvenience |
process | magd- | v | NL < Quenya “mahta”, Sindarin “maetha” (to handle, wield, deal with, treat) < Etym. “MAGH” (hand), “MAG” (to use, handle), Primitive Elvish root “MAH” (to handle, manage, control, wield); compare with NL “mâgz”, “maug-”, “mog”[3] | |
prompt | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
proper | than | adj | NL < Sindarin “thand”, Noldorin “thenid”, Quenya “sanda” < Etym. “STAN” (firm, fix, decide, true, regular) | |
providence | drothakurm | n | NL, see “dro”, “thak” | divine intervention |
purpose | dind | n | NL, merging Quenya “indo” (state of mind, inner thought, mood, will), “indu” (do on purpose), Sindarin “ind” (purpose, intention), “nîdh” (full vigorous purpose, exertion of will) < Primitive Elvish roots “NID”, “IN(ID)” with NL “dirb” (will, cf.) | |
put money (on) | fadr- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
quest | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
rage | uruth | n | NL < Sindarin “oroth”, “rûth”, Quenya “ursa” | |
raise (children) | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
real | kog | adj | NL < ZA “kog-” (to speak, tell truth) | |
really | kogarz | adv | see “kog” | |
recall | bhol- | v | NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?) | with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget |
reck | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
reck | ûst- | v | NL, merging LOS “ûs-” (to think) with Gnomish “sad” (to reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider) | |
reckless | hûrz | adj | NL < TK PN “Mauhúr”; ? Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
reckon | ûst- | v | NL, merging LOS “ûs-” (to think) with Gnomish “sad” (to reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider) | |
reject | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
rejoice | gomb- | v | NL < Qenya “yambo” (cheer, shout of triumph), Gnomish “gôm” (shout, call) < Primitive Elvish root “YAMA” | |
rely (on) | samb- | v | NL, merging Quenya “sav-” (to believe) < Primitive Elvish “SAB” with LOS “tum” < SV | believe in what person does, believe in idea |
remember | bhol- | v | NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?) | with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget |
rememberance | bholurm | n | NL, merging “bhol-” with “bhû” (see corresponding articles) | |
remind | bhol- | v | NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?) | with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget |
remit | gont- | v | NL, merging LOS, HG “gotl” < SV with Sindarin “gohena” < root “SEN” (let loose, free, let go) | indirect object or recipient shall be in Dative case |
report | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
reputation | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
revel | dafr- | v | LOS, HG < SV “dafar” < MERP; compare with Gnomish “dair” (play, merriment) < Etym. “TYAL” (play) | |
revere | gorth- | v | merging NL “gorm” (reverence) < Etym. “ÑGOROTH” (dread, fear) with Sindarin “gorth” (dread, horror, dead), PN “Gorthaur” (moniker of Sauron) of same etymology and with Gnomish “gort” (idol), “gorthin” (fane, temple), “dungort”, “dumgort(h)” (evil idol) and Qenya “korda” (temple) | believe in deity; object of worship should be in Dative case |
riddle | darn | n | NL, merging LOS “ândar” < MERP “ândartar” (adj.) with Sindarin “torn”, “thurin” (hidden, secret, adj.) | something unknown |
right | than | adj | NL < Sindarin “thand”, Noldorin “thenid”, Quenya “sanda” < Etym. “STAN” (firm, fix, decide, true, regular) | |
risk | hûr- | v | LOS < TK PN “Mauhûr”, Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
risk | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
rough | hazt | adj | MERP; probably from Icelandic “harðdrægur” | metaphorically, about character, speech |
rumor | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
rumour | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
ruse | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
sake | gob | n | NL < EH “gobu” < Qenya “káma” | uncountable |
scare | ugl- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, PN “Uglúk”; ? Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” (horrible, hideous); ? Hurrian “ugil” (frighten); ? Etym. “UGU” (negative prefix) | translation is speculative |
scared | uglaga | pastp | see “ugl-” | object of fear should be in Instrumental case, however in colloquial speech it may be in Genitive, as in English |
school | nurlamb | n | NL, lit. “chamber of learning”, see “nûrl-”, “amb” | |
scorn | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
scowl | lork- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “laur” (threatening), “lur” (to frown), “lurc” (frown, n.) < root “LURU” | about facial expression |
secret | darn | n | NL, merging LOS “ândar” < MERP “ândartar” (adj.) with Sindarin “torn”, “thurin” (hidden, secret, adj.) | something unknown |
secret | dhûr | n | HG (secret) | confidentional or private information |
seduce | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
seem | bozd- | v | EH “bozd” (face, n) < Gnomish “gwint”, compare with LOS “ozt-” < HG “ozut-” (appear, seem) | modal meaning in expressions like “it seems” |
sense | gusn- | v | SV | usage: 1) with noun 2) with reflexive pronoun + adverb 3) may be replaced with impersonal clause with dative |
sense | samd | n | NL, merging Quenya “sáma”, “sanwe” and “indo” of similar meaning; compare with “samb-” (to believe) and “ûs” (to think) | |
shame | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
shirk | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
shrewd | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
signify | tan- | v | NL < Quenya “tanna” (sign, token) | |
smart | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
soon | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
soothe | bort- | v | NL < HG “borz” (n) | |
spare | kask- | v | NL < SV (BA) “kaskût” (mercy, n) | use with object in accusative case |
spirit | furm | n | NL, merging LOS “frûm” < MERP < Albanian “frymë” with Quenya “fairë”, Sindarin “faer” with NL abstract suffix “-urm” | uncountable |
stand | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
stomach | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
stratagem | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
study | nûrl- | v | LOS < HG | |
stupid | pah | adj | HG | |
suppose | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
sure | durt | adj | LOS | |
sure | rûz | adj | LOS < HG | |
surely | durtarz | adv | see “durt” | |
surely | rûzarz | adv | see “rûz” | |
suspect | nath- | v | NL < Qenya “naus” (suspicion), Gnomish “naf” (to suspect, have inkling of) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
sweet-speaking | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
symbolize | tan- | v | NL < Quenya “tanna” (sign, token) | |
take pleasure | glaz- | v | NL, see “glaz” (adj.) | usually intransitive, clarify meaning “to delight” with object in Dative case instead of Accusative |
target | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
task | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
task | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
teach | gust- | v | NL, merging Neo-Sindarin “goltha” (to teach) < Etym. “ÑGOL” (wise) with Quenya “ista” (to know) < Etym. “IS” | |
tedious | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
temper | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
tend | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
think | ûs- | v | LOS < Quenya “ósanwë” (telepathy) | “to think of” should be translated using preposition “gus” (about) |
thought | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
threat | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
throw (away) | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
tire | kûbr- | v | HG | active — tire smb. else, passive + noun in Genitive or Instrumental case — be tired of |
tiresome | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
training | tailurm | n | LOS, SV < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
tranquillize | bort- | v | NL < HG “borz” (n) | |
treat | magd- | v | NL < Quenya “mahta”, Sindarin “maetha” (to handle, wield, deal with, treat) < Etym. “MAGH” (hand), “MAG” (to use, handle), Primitive Elvish root “MAH” (to handle, manage, control, wield); compare with NL “mâgz”, “maug-”, “mog”[3] | |
trick | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
trick | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
trouble | mudh- | v | NL < RN < LOS, HG “mudhn-” | |
trouble | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
trouble | traz | n | NL < Noldorin “trasta” (to harass, trouble), Old Noldorin “tarsa” (trouble, n.) | light inconvenience |
true | kog | adj | NL < ZA “kog-” (to speak, tell truth) | |
truly | kogarz | adv | see “kog” | |
trust | kân- | v | LOS < HG “kan-” | believe what the person says |
truth | kogurm | n | see “kog” | |
turn on | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
twist | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
twisted | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
uncertainty | hush | n | LOS < MB (opinion?) | uncountable |
understand | zûrb- | v | ZA, probably from SV “zûr” (wise, smart) | |
venture | hûr- | v | LOS < TK PN “Mauhûr”, Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
vision (of thought) | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
voice | mog | n | TK, AO, LR; abandoned translation of PN “Gothmog” as “Master's voice”; see “omog” | |
wager | fadr- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
wait | darb- | v | NL < Etym. “DAR” | |
want | hiz- | v | NL < DS “hiz-”, “hizi-”, “izhi-” | want for self |
want | irm- | v | NL < Gnomish “erth” (wish, n.), “irm” (wish, intention, n.), “irn” (desired, wished for, adj.), Quenya “írë” < Etym. “ID” (n) “desire, wish” | want for others, want something to happen |
want | narg- | v | DS (want), LOS “nargzab-” (need, want, have to) < SV, probably from “nar-” (no) and “zab-” (to own, possess), so lit. “do not have” | |
weary | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
weep | blord- | v | LOS | cry with tears |
whereas | zasha hugor | expr | NL, see “za”, “sha”, “hug”, “or” | |
whereas | ûstug za | expr | NL, see “ûst-”, “za” | |
whereas | ûstug zamash | expr | NL, see “ûst-”, “zamash” | |
wile | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
will | dirb | n | NL, merging Quenya “nirmë” (act of will, n), “Þelma” (will, n), Sindarin “thel-” (will, v) | only as noun (e.g. “the will of power”, “the will to live”) with descriptive noun in Allative case; uncountable |
will | hiz- | v | NL < DS “hiz-”, “hizi-”, “izhi-” | want for self |
will (do smth.) soon | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
wink | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
wisdom | golurm | n | NL < TK “gol-” (cf.) | uncountable |
wish | irm- | v | NL < Gnomish “erth” (wish, n.), “irm” (wish, intention, n.), “irn” (desired, wished for, adj.), Quenya “írë” < Etym. “ID” (n) “desire, wish” | want for others, want something to happen |
wit | tunk | n | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
with this in mind | zasha hugor | expr | NL, see “za”, “sha”, “hug”, “or” | |
withstand | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
woe | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
wonder | ilm- | v | NL < Gnomish “elm(en)” (wonder, marvel, n.) | usually passive with object in Instrumental case |
wonder | kizg- | v | NL < Quenya “cesya” (to cause interest, to cause one to enquire) < “ces” (to search, examine) | to want to know; use with object in instrumental case |
work | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
worry | mudh- | v | NL < RN < LOS, HG “mudhn-” | |
worship | gorth- | v | merging NL “gorm” (reverence) < Etym. “ÑGOROTH” (dread, fear) with Sindarin “gorth” (dread, horror, dead), PN “Gorthaur” (moniker of Sauron) of same etymology and with Gnomish “gort” (idol), “gorthin” (fane, temple), “dungort”, “dumgort(h)” (evil idol) and Qenya “korda” (temple) | believe in deity; object of worship should be in Dative case |
wrath | uruth | n | NL < Sindarin “oroth”, “rûth”, Quenya “ursa” | |
wrong | firk | adj | NL < LOS “fik” (bad) + Qenya “perqa” | be wrong (once) by mistake |
wrong | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
See also Sounds category.