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This page will contain list of words related to various crimes, death and killing, hatred and destruction, and others for dark way of life of Sauron's servants.
English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
(dark) sorcery | dush | n | TK, DBS, WJ, WR, SD, “Dushgoi” (Minas Morgul), AA translates as “dark sorcery” = Sindarin “Morgul”; ? Valarin “dušamanûðân” (marred) ? Sindarin “dûr” (dark) as in “gûldûr” (dark sorcery) | uncountable |
(dead) body | loik | n | LOS < Quenya “loico” | |
(evil/black) magic | dush | n | TK, DBS, WJ, WR, SD, “Dushgoi” (Minas Morgul), AA translates as “dark sorcery” = Sindarin “Morgul”; ? Valarin “dušamanûðân” (marred) ? Sindarin “dûr” (dark) as in “gûldûr” (dark sorcery) | uncountable |
(secret) plan | faurm | n | NL < EL “fauth-” (to hide, conceal, cf.) + Gnomish “fur” of same meanings + abstract noun suffix “-urm” | hidden, secret plan against smb. |
(shady) scheme | faurm | n | NL < EL “fauth-” (to hide, conceal, cf.) + Gnomish “fur” of same meanings + abstract noun suffix “-urm” | hidden, secret plan against smb. |
abhor | dolb- | v | NL < Noldorin “delb” (horrible, abominable, loathsome), “delw” (hateful, deadly, fell) < Etym. “DYEL” (feel fear and disgust, abhor) as in early “Dor Deadhelos” (Land of the Shadow of Abomination) | strong disgust |
abhorred | haur | adj | NL < Quenya “saura”, Sindarin “thaur” < Etym. “THUS” (putrid, foul); as in PN “Gorthaur” (abominable horror, fear stench), epithetic name of Sauron; thus in Nûrlâm “Gorthaur” will mean “revered horrible” | mostly about smell |
abhorrent | dolbûrz | adj | NL, see “dolb-” | |
abominable | dolbûrz | adj | NL, see “dolb-” | |
abominable | haur | adj | NL < Quenya “saura”, Sindarin “thaur” < Etym. “THUS” (putrid, foul); as in PN “Gorthaur” (abominable horror, fear stench), epithetic name of Sauron; thus in Nûrlâm “Gorthaur” will mean “revered horrible” | mostly about smell |
adjudge | nûmp- | v | NL < EL “dûmp-” (doom, cf.) + Quenya “nam” (to judge) + Etym. (AC) “MBAD”, “BAD” (judgement, sentence) | together with object in Allative case |
anger | uruth | n | NL < Sindarin “oroth”, “rûth”, Quenya “ursa” | |
angry | nûrz | adj | LOS | |
annihilate | shad- | v | DS “shad” (nothingness, void, destruction), “shadgar” (destroyer) ; compare with LOS “sadâuk” (to attack, assault), ZA “zâdûk” (to destroy, wipe out, delete, erase, annihilate, obliterate), both from SV “sadáuk” | |
arrest | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
assassin | thrug | n | LOS, all major dialects < MERP | |
attaint | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
avenge | grûth- | v | NL < Gnomish “gruith” (deed of horror, vengeance) | |
avenge | pait- | v | NL < Qenya “paitya” (to repay, requite) < Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) | |
awful | bhau | adj | NL < Primitive Elvish PN “Bhau̯kil” (epithetic name of Morgoth), Qenya “Faukil”, Noldorin “Bauglir” (terrible); compare with Sindarin PN “Bauglir” (tyrant, oppressor) < Etym. “MBAW” (compel, force) | |
awry | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
bad | fik | adj | LOS < Gnomish “fêg” (bad, poor), Qenya “faika” (contemptible, mean), Noldorin “foeg” (mean, poor, bad) < Etym. “SPAY” | |
bait | prâkh | n | LOS < LL “prakh-” (to lure) | |
bandit | taus | n | NL < HG (outlawed, adj.) < SV “arataus” (n.) < MERP | |
battle | dogr | n | NL < Sindarin “dagor” < Etym. “NDAK” (slay) | |
battle with | tad- | v | HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout) | object should be in accusative or comitative case |
beast | uglauk | n | NL < “ugl-” (to frighten) < Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” and SV suffix “-auk” | |
beat | bump- | v | HG < LOS “bum” < MB | mostly about sound |
beat | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
behead | kazbhalt- | v | NL, lit. “head-deprive”; see “kaz”, “bhalt-” | |
betray | fûrth- | v | NL < LOS (LUG) “fûr-” + Noldorin “gwarth” (betrayer) < Etym. “WAR” (give way, yield, not endure, let down, betray) | |
betrayal | fûrthurm | n | NL, abstract noun from “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat, cf.) | |
betrayer | fûrthal | n | NL, see “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat) | |
black | mor | adj | TK, AO, LR; abandoned translation of PN “Morgoth”. In Orcish it was translated as “Dark Lord”, not “Black Enemy” as in Sindarin | |
black | mor | adj | LOS < Sindarin “mor(n)” | |
bloodshed | shirgzûrb | n | NL, “shirk” (blood) + “sûrb-” (to pour) (see corresponding articles) | uncountable |
booty | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
bounty | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
brawl | gask- | v | HG < Sumerian ? | |
brigand | taus | n | NL < HG (outlawed, adj.) < SV “arataus” (n.) < MERP | |
burglar | orskal | n | NL < LOS, see “orsk-” | |
burn | ghâsh- | v | LL < TK (“fire”) | |
butcher | fakht- | v | NL < LOS “fakhtal” (butcher) < SV “fachtal” < MERP “fachthal”, “fakhtchal” | refers to animals or mass murders |
butcher | gorg- | v | TK, AO, HOME 3, PN “Gorgol the Butcher” | |
capture | dik- | v | LOS | |
ceremony | kaush | n | NL < LOS “kaushar” (negative ceremony) < SV < MERP “kaushatar” (ritual) | ceremony with negative, evil connotations, e.g. with blood sacrifices |
chaos | bûzg | n | NL < LOS (RE) “bûzog” | uncountable |
chaos | girzurm | n | NL < HG “girz-” (to mess) | uncountable |
chase | farb- | v | NL < SV “vorb-” (to hunt, pursuit), “várbatár” (hunter) + Sindarin “farad” (hunter), “faras” (hunt), “fara” (to hunt) | |
cheat | fûrth- | v | NL < LOS (LUG) “fûr-” + Noldorin “gwarth” (betrayer) < Etym. “WAR” (give way, yield, not endure, let down, betray) | |
cheat | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
choke (smb. else) | strakh- | v | SV, HG | transitive |
cleave | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
combat | dogr | n | NL < Sindarin “dagor” < Etym. “NDAK” (slay) | |
compel | ikh- | v | LOS | see also “durb-” |
condemn | nûmp- | v | NL < EL “dûmp-” (doom, cf.) + Quenya “nam” (to judge) + Etym. (AC) “MBAD”, “BAD” (judgement, sentence) | together with object in Allative case |
confuse | girz- | v | HG | |
conquer | paik- | v | NL < Qenya “apaika”, “apaira”, “apaitya” (conquer-) < QL stem “PAÝA” (punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) | |
conquer | thudurb- | v | NL, lit. “over-rule”, calque from Noldorin “ortur” | |
conspiracy | faurm | n | NL < EL “fauth-” (to hide, conceal, cf.) + Gnomish “fur” of same meanings + abstract noun suffix “-urm” | hidden, secret plan against smb. |
constrain | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
constraining | durburm | n | NL, see “durb-” | uncountable |
control | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
control | durburm | n | NL, see “durb-” | uncountable |
corpse | loik | n | LOS < Quenya “loico” | |
corrupt | nirz | adj | NL < TK BS “nazg” (ring) + NL “nîr” (good) + Gnomish “narp” (rotten, decayed, corrupt) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ”; compare with NL “nirg-” (rot, decay) | |
corrupt | nizg- | v | NL < TK BS “nazg” (ring) + NL “nîr” (good) + Gnomish “narp” (rotten, decayed, corrupt) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ”; compare with NL “nirg-” (rot, decay), “nirz” (corrupted, adj.) | |
corrupted | nirz | adj | NL < TK BS “nazg” (ring) + NL “nîr” (good) + Gnomish “narp” (rotten, decayed, corrupt) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ”; compare with NL “nirg-” (rot, decay) | |
counterfeit | land- | v | NL < early Noldorin “bland” (a lie, deceit) | |
crack | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
cruel | bol | adj | TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin & Sindarin “balch” < Etym. “ÑGWAL” (torment); compare with Old-English “fel” (strong, cruel, fierce) | |
crush | barsh- | v | NL < HG “bars”, LOS “barash-”, both from SV | damage completely to small pieces or to ashes разбивать вдребезги, в клочья, в пух и прах |
crush | margz- | v | SV < MERP “marzgi”; compare with Primitive Elvish roots “MḶÐḶ”, “MLŘL”, “MALA” (to crush, squeeze, pound, pulp), Qenya “mald” (pound, crush), “mal” (crush, squeeze) | damage completely with heavy blow to small pieces or to ashes разбивать вдребезги, в клочья, в пух и прах |
crush | sud- | v | HG, probably from SV “shatûp” (to crush, destroy, shatter) < Albanian “shtyp” | damage with heavy weight to flat or small pieces |
cut | ak- | v | LOS < Quenya “ecet” (short stabbing sword) | |
cut | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
damage | dul- | v | HG < SV, MB | |
damage | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
danger | bai | n | all major DBS dialects < MB | |
danger | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
dark | burz | n | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Noldorin “maur” (gloom), Quenya “mornië” (darkness) < Etym. “MOR” (black); ? Hurrian “wurikk-” (to be blind), “wur-” (to see) | sometimes used with meaning “night”; uncountable |
dark | mor | adj | TK, AO, LR; abandoned translation of PN “Morgoth”. In Orcish it was translated as “Dark Lord”, not “Black Enemy” as in Sindarin | |
darkness | burz | n | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Noldorin “maur” (gloom), Quenya “mornië” (darkness) < Etym. “MOR” (black); ? Hurrian “wurikk-” (to be blind), “wur-” (to see) | sometimes used with meaning “night”; uncountable |
dead | gûrz | adj | SV “gurz” < MERP (death), probably from Sindarin “guru”, “gurth” (death, n) < Etym. “ÑGUR” | |
deal with | tad- | v | HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout) | object should be in accusative or comitative case |
death | gurz | n | MERP, probably from Sindarin “gurth” (death) < Etym. “ÑGUR”; in analogy with “burz(um)” - “bûrz” | |
death | mât | n | HG < EL, all major dialects “mat-” (to die) | more about natural death (like in bed, of aging, etc.) |
debase | nizg- | v | NL < TK BS “nazg” (ring) + NL “nîr” (good) + Gnomish “narp” (rotten, decayed, corrupt) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ”; compare with NL “nirg-” (rot, decay), “nirz” (corrupted, adj.) | |
decapitate | kazbhalt- | v | NL, lit. “head-deprive”; see “kaz”, “bhalt-” | |
decay | nirg- | v | NL < Qenya “narqa-” (fade, wither), Gnomish “narcos” (rot, decay) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ” | intransitive |
deceit | lân | n | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | uncountable |
deceive | lan- | v | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | |
deceive | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
defame | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
despair | narkh- | v | NL < merging TK “nar” (negative particle) + NL “khard-” (to hope) < Noldorin “hartha-” with Sindarin “naer”, Quenya “naira” (dreadful, unendurable) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), “NÁYAK” (pain) with Qenya “naira” (dire, grievous) < Primitive Elvish “ŊAHYA” | intansitive |
desperate | hîrd | adj | NL, merging Gnomish “uchirthol” (reckless, careless) with NL “khard-” (to hope); see also “narkh-” (to despair) | |
destroy | dul- | v | HG < SV, MB | |
destroy | guzd- | v | NL < Gnomish “gusta”, “husta” (burn smth., destroy); compare with DS “gûda-”, “gutja-” | |
destroy | shad- | v | DS “shad” (nothingness, void, destruction), “shadgar” (destroyer) ; compare with LOS “sadâuk” (to attack, assault), ZA “zâdûk” (to destroy, wipe out, delete, erase, annihilate, obliterate), both from SV “sadáuk” | |
detestable | dolbûrz | adj | NL, see “dolb-” | |
detestable | haur | adj | NL < Quenya “saura”, Sindarin “thaur” < Etym. “THUS” (putrid, foul); as in PN “Gorthaur” (abominable horror, fear stench), epithetic name of Sauron; thus in Nûrlâm “Gorthaur” will mean “revered horrible” | mostly about smell |
die | mat- | v | EL, all major dialects | more about natural death (like in bed, of aging, etc.); intransitive |
discredit | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
disembowel | dakh- | v | HG < SV “dakog” < Noldorin “dag” (to slay, kill)? < Etym. “NDAK” | to remove guts |
disgrace | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
dishonor | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
disjoin | ogz- | v | NL < Qenya “oksa” (joint) | |
dismember | ogz- | v | NL < Qenya “oksa” (joint) | |
distorted | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
dominate | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
domination | durburm | n | NL, see “durb-” | uncountable |
doom | dûmp | n | EL, either from Etym. “MBAD” written reversed (MB is one letter in Elvish writing systems), see also Quenya “umbar”, or just stylized English word (possibly both) | uncountable |
dread | goth | adj | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”; Etym. “GOTH”, “GOS” (dread, terror); compare with PN “Osse”, “Mandos”; see also “gozd” | |
dread | gozd | n | NL < Noldorin “gost” (dread, terror) < Etym. “GOS”, “GOTH” | cause of fear; uncountable |
dread | ufur | n | NL < LOS “ufum”, “ufur-” (fear), also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; only noun in NL, see “furg-” for verb | fear of smth., not frighten smb. else; uncountable |
dreadful | goth | adj | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”; Etym. “GOTH”, “GOS” (dread, terror); compare with PN “Osse”, “Mandos”; see also “gozd” | |
dsigusting | dolbûrz | adj | NL, see “dolb-” | |
empale | ghrûth- | v | NL, merging “ghru” with SV “hûth-” | may refer to coitus |
encounter | tad- | v | HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout) | object should be in accusative or comitative case |
enslave | norg- | v | NL < Qenya “norka” (slave, thrall, servant) < Primitive Elvish “norokā́” merged with LOS “nork-” (to take) | |
enthrall | norg- | v | NL < Qenya “norka” (slave, thrall, servant) < Primitive Elvish “norokā́” merged with LOS “nork-” (to take) | |
evil | ulk | n | NL < LOS “ulkum” (n), “ulkûrz” (adj) < Quenya “ulco” (n), “ulca” (adj) | uncountable |
eviscerate | dakh- | v | HG < SV “dakog” < Noldorin “dag” (to slay, kill)? < Etym. “NDAK” | to remove guts |
execute | dûmb- | v | NL < EL “dûmp-” | |
exploit | mogr- | v | NL < TK “mog” (tyrant, oppressor) < PN “Gothmog” < Etym. “MBAW” | |
face | tad- | v | HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout) | object should be in accusative or comitative case |
fade | nark- | v | NL < merging TK “nar” (negative particle) + Qenya “narqa” (to wither), Gnomish “narcos” (to rot, decay) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ” | intransitive |
fake | land- | v | NL < early Noldorin “bland” (a lie, deceit) | |
fall (down) | lûmp- | v | LOS | also morally |
falsify | land- | v | NL < early Noldorin “bland” (a lie, deceit) | |
fate | dûmp | n | EL, either from Etym. “MBAD” written reversed (MB is one letter in Elvish writing systems), see also Quenya “umbar”, or just stylized English word (possibly both) | uncountable |
fear | furg- | v | NL, merging Quenya “þorya” (to dread, feel fear) < root “THOS”, with Qenya “varka” (to bode, dread, fear) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚKṚ” and with LOS “ufur-”, also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; see also “uf-”, “ufur” | passive, fear of smth., not frighten smb. else |
fear | ufur | n | NL < LOS “ufum”, “ufur-” (fear), also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; only noun in NL, see “furg-” for verb | fear of smth., not frighten smb. else; uncountable |
feel disgust | dolb- | v | NL < Noldorin “delb” (horrible, abominable, loathsome), “delw” (hateful, deadly, fell) < Etym. “DYEL” (feel fear and disgust, abhor) as in early “Dor Deadhelos” (Land of the Shadow of Abomination) | strong disgust |
feign | land- | v | NL < early Noldorin “bland” (a lie, deceit) | |
fester | nirg- | v | NL < Qenya “narqa-” (fade, wither), Gnomish “narcos” (rot, decay) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ” | intransitive |
fight | dogr | n | NL < Sindarin “dagor” < Etym. “NDAK” (slay) | |
fight | mauk- | v | LOS, probably from Qenya “mahtar” (warrior) < Etym. “MAK” (sword, to fight) | literally, with weapons or fists; opponent of fighting is in Accusative; Comitative case marks people who help fighting |
fight | tad- | v | HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout) | object should be in accusative or comitative case |
flattery | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
flay | daft- | v | NL, melting Gnomish “daf”, “dôf”, “dauth” | |
flog | hauk | n | HG (v) < MERP “fashaukalog” < Albanian “fshikulloj” | |
flog | hauk- | v | HG < MERP “fashaukalog” < Albanian “fshikulloj” | |
fool (smb. else) | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
force | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
force | ikh- | v | LOS | see also “durb-” |
fornicate | ghrup- | v | NL, merging LOS “ghru” (penis) with Neo-Quenya “hrupuhta-” (to fornicate, lit. “to do evil sex”); see also “ghîr-” | |
foul | glob | adj | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, PE, PE 17 | |
foul | haur | adj | NL < Quenya “saura”, Sindarin “thaur” < Etym. “THUS” (putrid, foul); as in PN “Gorthaur” (abominable horror, fear stench), epithetic name of Sauron; thus in Nûrlâm “Gorthaur” will mean “revered horrible” | mostly about smell |
frighten | ugl- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, PN “Uglúk”; ? Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” (horrible, hideous); ? Hurrian “ugil” (frighten); ? Etym. “UGU” (negative prefix) | translation is speculative |
game (hunting) | fraun | n | NL < Quenya “farna” < Etym. “SPAR”, “PHAR” (AC); from fictional proto-word “praunk”; compare with “farb-” (to hunt), “prauk-” (to pillage), “raun” (trophy) | object of hunt |
garble | girz- | v | HG | |
gloomy | duf | adj | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Lagduf”; ? Noldorin “dofn”, “dufui” < Etym. “DUB” (lie heavy); ? Etym. “DOGH, DÔ, DOMO” (night, dark, gloom, faint, dim) ? Etym. “DEM” (sad, gloomy) ? Adûnaic “dâur” < root “DAWAR” | speculative translation |
government | durburm | n | NL, see “durb-” | uncountable |
grave | khad | n | NL < Noldorin “hauð” (mound, grave, tomb) < Primitive Elvish “khagda” < Etym. “KHAG” (pile, mound) + “KHAW” (bed) | |
grave | matronk | n | lit. “dead-pit”, see “mat”, “ronk” | |
hang | runk- | v | LOS < MB (“rûng-” ?) | |
harlot | ghrupauk | n | NL, see “ghrup-” | of any gender |
harry | lîzd- | v | NL < rejected Qenya “lehesta”, “lehasta” (to ride, riding, raid) | |
hate | mog | n | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, WR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”, PN “Gazmog” replaced by “Shagrat” in LOTR; Explicitly translated as “hatred” in various drafts; Qenya “moko”, Gnomish “mog”; see also “mok-” | uncountable |
hate | mok- | v | LOS < Qenya “moko” in Quenya PN “Kosomoko” (war-hate, strife-and-hatred) aka “Gothmog” | |
hatred | mog | n | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, WR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”, PN “Gazmog” replaced by “Shagrat” in LOTR; Explicitly translated as “hatred” in various drafts; Qenya “moko”, Gnomish “mog”; see also “mok-” | uncountable |
havoc | bûzg | n | NL < LOS (RE) “bûzog” | uncountable |
havoc | girzurm | n | NL < HG “girz-” (to mess) | uncountable |
hazard | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
hit | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
hooker | ghrupauk | n | NL, see “ghrup-” | of any gender |
hopeless | hîrd | adj | NL, merging Gnomish “uchirthol” (reckless, careless) with NL “khard-” (to hope); see also “narkh-” (to despair) | |
horrible | bhau | adj | NL < Primitive Elvish PN “Bhau̯kil” (epithetic name of Morgoth), Qenya “Faukil”, Noldorin “Bauglir” (terrible); compare with Sindarin PN “Bauglir” (tyrant, oppressor) < Etym. “MBAW” (compel, force) | |
horrible | dolbûrz | adj | NL, see “dolb-” | |
horrible | haur | adj | NL < Quenya “saura”, Sindarin “thaur” < Etym. “THUS” (putrid, foul); as in PN “Gorthaur” (abominable horror, fear stench), epithetic name of Sauron; thus in Nûrlâm “Gorthaur” will mean “revered horrible” | mostly about smell |
horrible | uf | adj | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Ufthak”; ? Etym. “UGU” (negative prefix); ? Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” (horrible, hideous) | translation is speculative |
horror | ufur | n | NL < LOS “ufum”, “ufur-” (fear), also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; only noun in NL, see “furg-” for verb | fear of smth., not frighten smb. else; uncountable |
hostile | nûrz | adj | LOS | |
hunt | farb- | v | NL < SV “vorb-” (to hunt, pursuit), “várbatár” (hunter) + Sindarin “farad” (hunter), “faras” (hunt), “fara” (to hunt) | |
hurt | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
hypocrisy | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
impale | ghrûth- | v | NL, merging “ghru” with SV “hûth-” | may refer to coitus |
incruciate | balg- | v | NL, merging TK “bag”, “bal”, “bol”, all from Etym. “ÑGWAL” (torment) | |
intrigue | faurm | n | NL < EL “fauth-” (to hide, conceal, cf.) + Gnomish “fur” of same meanings + abstract noun suffix “-urm” | hidden, secret plan against smb. |
judge | damp- | v | NL < EL “dûmp-” (doom, cf.) + Quenya “nam” (to judge) + Etym. (AC) “MBAD” (judgement, sentence) | |
kidnap | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
kill | dog- | v | TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay) | |
killer | thrug | n | LOS, all major dialects < MERP | |
lash | hauk | n | HG (v) < MERP “fashaukalog” < Albanian “fshikulloj” | |
lech | ghrup- | v | NL, merging LOS “ghru” (penis) with Neo-Quenya “hrupuhta-” (to fornicate, lit. “to do evil sex”); see also “ghîr-” | |
levy | mârbh- | v | LOS < HG | заставлять платить налог, дань, подать, штраф |
lie | lan- | v | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | |
lie | lân | n | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | uncountable |
lie (tell untruth) | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
limb | ogz- | v | NL < Qenya “oksa” (joint) | |
loathe | dolb- | v | NL < Noldorin “delb” (horrible, abominable, loathsome), “delw” (hateful, deadly, fell) < Etym. “DYEL” (feel fear and disgust, abhor) as in early “Dor Deadhelos” (Land of the Shadow of Abomination) | strong disgust |
loathsome | dolbûrz | adj | NL, see “dolb-” | |
loot | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
lose hope | narkh- | v | NL < merging TK “nar” (negative particle) + NL “khard-” (to hope) < Noldorin “hartha-” with Sindarin “naer”, Quenya “naira” (dreadful, unendurable) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), “NÁYAK” (pain) with Qenya “naira” (dire, grievous) < Primitive Elvish “ŊAHYA” | intansitive |
lure | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
lure | prâkh | n | LOS < LL “prakh-” (to lure) | |
machination | faurm | n | NL < EL “fauth-” (to hide, conceal, cf.) + Gnomish “fur” of same meanings + abstract noun suffix “-urm” | hidden, secret plan against smb. |
make (to do smth.) | ikh- | v | LOS | see also “durb-” |
mar | nizg- | v | NL < TK BS “nazg” (ring) + NL “nîr” (good) + Gnomish “narp” (rotten, decayed, corrupt) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ”; compare with NL “nirg-” (rot, decay), “nirz” (corrupted, adj.) | |
massacre | fakht- | v | NL < LOS “fakhtal” (butcher) < SV “fachtal” < MERP “fachthal”, “fakhtchal” | refers to animals or mass murders |
mayhem | bûzg | n | NL < LOS (RE) “bûzog” | uncountable |
mayhem | girzurm | n | NL < HG “girz-” (to mess) | uncountable |
meet at battlefield | tad- | v | HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout) | object should be in accusative or comitative case |
mess | bûzg | n | NL < LOS (RE) “bûzog” | uncountable |
mess | girz- | v | HG | |
mess | girzurm | n | NL < HG “girz-” (to mess) | uncountable |
mischief | fikhabauk | n | NL, merging “fik” with “gabauk” (see corresponding articles) | |
monster | uglauk | n | NL < “ugl-” (to frighten) < Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” and SV suffix “-auk” | |
murderer | thrug | n | LOS, all major dialects < MERP | |
nab | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
necromancy | dush | n | TK, DBS, WJ, WR, SD, “Dushgoi” (Minas Morgul), AA translates as “dark sorcery” = Sindarin “Morgul”; ? Valarin “dušamanûðân” (marred) ? Sindarin “dûr” (dark) as in “gûldûr” (dark sorcery) | uncountable |
noose | hnûf | n | NL < Noldorin “hnuif”, “hniof”, “nû” (noose, snare) < Etym. “SNEW” (entangle) | |
oppress | mogr- | v | NL < TK “mog” (tyrant, oppressor) < PN “Gothmog” < Etym. “MBAW” | |
oppressor | mog | n | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, WR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”, PN “Gazmog” replaced by “Shagrat” in LOTR; Etym. “MBAW” (oppress, force, compel); compare with PN “Bauglir” (one of Sindarin names of Morgoth) of the same etymology | |
outlaw | taus | n | NL < HG (outlawed, adj.) < SV “arataus” (n.) < MERP | |
peel | daft- | v | NL, melting Gnomish “daf”, “dôf”, “dauth” | |
penalize | dangh- | v | LOS, HG < MERP “danoj-” < Albanian “dënoj” | |
pervert | nizg- | v | NL < TK BS “nazg” (ring) + NL “nîr” (good) + Gnomish “narp” (rotten, decayed, corrupt) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ”; compare with NL “nirg-” (rot, decay), “nirz” (corrupted, adj.) | |
perverted | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
phantom | gûl | n | TK, CBS, “Nazgûl” (ringwraith), PN “Yagûl”; Sindarin “gul”, “gûl” (evil knowledge, magic, sorcery, necromancy) < Etym. “ÑGOL” (wisdom); in 1970s Tolkien changed his mind and separated etymology of Sindarin “gûl” from “ÑGOL” (wise < dark brown as name of Noldo elves) to “ÑGUL” (sinister dark) | probably not only “wraith”, but any (undead) servant of Sauron |
pierce | ghrûth- | v | NL, merging “ghru” with SV “hûth-” | may refer to coitus |
pillage | prauk- | v | NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-” | take other's property by force |
plot | faurm | n | NL < EL “fauth-” (to hide, conceal, cf.) + Gnomish “fur” of same meanings + abstract noun suffix “-urm” | hidden, secret plan against smb. |
plunder | prauk- | v | NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-” | take other's property by force |
plunder | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
poison | holm | n | NL < SV, MERP “holm” < Albanian “helm”, Quenya “hloima” < root “SLOY”; related to “fâm” (cf.) | |
pound | sud- | v | HG, probably from SV “shatûp” (to crush, destroy, shatter) < Albanian “shtyp” | damage with heavy weight to flat or small pieces |
prey | fraun | n | NL < Quenya “farna” < Etym. “SPAR”, “PHAR” (AC); from fictional proto-word “praunk”; compare with “farb-” (to hunt), “prauk-” (to pillage), “raun” (trophy) | object of hunt |
profit | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
prostitute | ghrupauk | n | NL, see “ghrup-” | of any gender |
punish | dangh- | v | LOS, HG < MERP “danoj-” < Albanian “dënoj” | |
pursue | farb- | v | NL < SV “vorb-” (to hunt, pursuit), “várbatár” (hunter) + Sindarin “farad” (hunter), “faras” (hunt), “fara” (to hunt) | |
put to death | dûmb- | v | NL < EL “dûmp-” | |
quarry | fraun | n | NL < Quenya “farna” < Etym. “SPAR”, “PHAR” (AC); from fictional proto-word “praunk”; compare with “farb-” (to hunt), “prauk-” (to pillage), “raun” (trophy) | object of hunt |
racket | mârbh- | v | LOS < HG | заставлять платить налог, дань, подать, штраф |
rage | uruth | n | NL < Sindarin “oroth”, “rûth”, Quenya “ursa” | |
raid | lîzd- | v | NL < rejected Qenya “lehesta”, “lehasta” (to ride, riding, raid) | |
ransom | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
rape | tram- | v | LOS, marked as borrowed from SV, probably from MERP “rramab” < Albanian “rrëmbej” | |
rascal | fikhabauk | n | NL, merging “fik” with “gabauk” (see corresponding articles) | |
ravish | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
renegade | fûrthal | n | NL, see “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat) | |
repay | pait- | v | NL < Qenya “paitya” (to repay, requite) < Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) | |
repress | mogr- | v | NL < TK “mog” (tyrant, oppressor) < PN “Gothmog” < Etym. “MBAW” | |
requite | pait- | v | NL < Qenya “paitya” (to repay, requite) < Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) | |
retaliate | grûth- | v | NL < Gnomish “gruith” (deed of horror, vengeance) | |
revenge | grûth- | v | NL < Gnomish “gruith” (deed of horror, vengeance) | |
revenge | pait- | v | NL < Qenya “paitya” (to repay, requite) < Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) | |
reward | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
risk | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
ritual | kaush | n | NL < LOS “kaushar” (negative ceremony) < SV < MERP “kaushatar” (ritual) | ceremony with negative, evil connotations, e.g. with blood sacrifices |
rob | rânt- | v | LOS (only noun “robber”) | to steal using force, violence, intimidation |
rogue | fikhabauk | n | NL, merging “fik” with “gabauk” (see corresponding articles) | |
rot | nirg- | v | NL < Qenya “narqa-” (fade, wither), Gnomish “narcos” (rot, decay) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ” | intransitive |
rule | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
sack | prauk- | v | NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-” | take other's property by force |
sad | duf | adj | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Lagduf”; ? Noldorin “dofn”, “dufui” < Etym. “DUB” (lie heavy); ? Etym. “DOGH, DÔ, DOMO” (night, dark, gloom, faint, dim) ? Etym. “DEM” (sad, gloomy) ? Adûnaic “dâur” < root “DAWAR” | speculative translation |
scare | ugl- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, PN “Uglúk”; ? Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” (horrible, hideous); ? Hurrian “ugil” (frighten); ? Etym. “UGU” (negative prefix) | translation is speculative |
scary | uf | adj | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Ufthak”; ? Etym. “UGU” (negative prefix); ? Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” (horrible, hideous) | translation is speculative |
scoundrel | fikhabauk | n | NL, merging “fik” with “gabauk” (see corresponding articles) | |
scout | nûsh | n | NL < Easterling “nûs” (spy) as in Gandalf's name “Incánus” | |
seduce | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
sellout | fûrthal | n | NL, see “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat) | |
sentence | nûmp- | v | NL < EL “dûmp-” (doom, cf.) + Quenya “nam” (to judge) + Etym. (AC) “MBAD”, “BAD” (judgement, sentence) | together with object in Allative case |
servant | snaga | n | TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain) | may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy |
shame | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
shrivel | nark- | v | NL < merging TK “nar” (negative particle) + Qenya “narqa” (to wither), Gnomish “narcos” (to rot, decay) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ” | intransitive |
skin | daft- | v | NL, melting Gnomish “daf”, “dôf”, “dauth” | |
slash | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
slaughter | fakht- | v | NL < LOS “fakhtal” (butcher) < SV “fachtal” < MERP “fachthal”, “fakhtchal” | refers to animals or mass murders |
slave | snaga | n | TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain) | may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy |
slay | dog- | v | TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay) | |
slayer | dog | n | TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay); explicitly translated as “slayer” in Etymologies | |
slice | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
slut | ghrupauk | n | NL, see “ghrup-” | of any gender |
smash | barsh- | v | NL < HG “bars”, LOS “barash-”, both from SV | damage completely to small pieces or to ashes разбивать вдребезги, в клочья, в пух и прах |
smash | margz- | v | SV < MERP “marzgi”; compare with Primitive Elvish roots “MḶÐḶ”, “MLŘL”, “MALA” (to crush, squeeze, pound, pulp), Qenya “mald” (pound, crush), “mal” (crush, squeeze) | damage completely with heavy blow to small pieces or to ashes разбивать вдребезги, в клочья, в пух и прах |
smite | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
snare | hnûf | n | NL < Noldorin “hnuif”, “hniof”, “nû” (noose, snare) < Etym. “SNEW” (entangle) | |
snatch | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
soldier | dog | n | TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay); explicitly translated as “slayer” in Etymologies | |
sorcerer | dushal | n | NL < TK “dush” (cf.) | |
sorceror | dushal | n | NL < TK “dush” (cf.) | |
spoil | nizg- | v | NL < TK BS “nazg” (ring) + NL “nîr” (good) + Gnomish “narp” (rotten, decayed, corrupt) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ”; compare with NL “nirg-” (rot, decay), “nirz” (corrupted, adj.) | |
spoil | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
spy | nûsh | n | NL < Easterling “nûs” (spy) as in Gandalf's name “Incánus” | |
stab | ak- | v | LOS < Quenya “ecet” (short stabbing sword) | |
steal | orsk- | v | LOS | |
stick (through) | ghrûth- | v | NL, merging “ghru” with SV “hûth-” | may refer to coitus |
strangle | strakh- | v | SV, HG | transitive |
strife | ghûth | n | NL < TK, AO, DBS, “goth” < LOTR, Silm., BOLT 2, PN “Gothmog”; from Etym. “KOT” (strive, quarrel); modified to differentiate from other meanings of “goth” (cf.) | |
strife | goth | n | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., BOLT 2, PN “Gothmog”; Explicitly translated as Gnomish “war, strife” in BOLT II; from Etym. “KOT” (strive, quarrel); see also “ghûth” | |
strike | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
struggle | tad- | v | HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout) | object should be in accusative or comitative case |
subjugate | norg- | v | NL < Qenya “norka” (slave, thrall, servant) < Primitive Elvish “norokā́” merged with LOS “nork-” (to take) | |
swag | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
sweet-speaking | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
tamper | land- | v | NL < early Noldorin “bland” (a lie, deceit) | |
tart | ghrupauk | n | NL, see “ghrup-” | of any gender |
terrible | bhau | adj | NL < Primitive Elvish PN “Bhau̯kil” (epithetic name of Morgoth), Qenya “Faukil”, Noldorin “Bauglir” (terrible); compare with Sindarin PN “Bauglir” (tyrant, oppressor) < Etym. “MBAW” (compel, force) | |
terror | gozd | n | NL < Noldorin “gost” (dread, terror) < Etym. “GOS”, “GOTH” | cause of fear; uncountable |
thief | orskal | n | NL < LOS, see “orsk-” | |
thrall | snaga | n | TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain) | may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy |
threat | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
throttle | strakh- | v | SV, HG | transitive |
tomb | khad | n | NL < Noldorin “hauð” (mound, grave, tomb) < Primitive Elvish “khagda” < Etym. “KHAG” (pile, mound) + “KHAW” (bed) | |
torment | bal | n | TK “Balrog”; see “bol” | this meaning is not recommended; see “bol” instead; initially “bal” and “bol” were synonyms/omonyms, but later Tolkien separated these words in Sindarin |
torment | bol | n | TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “baul” < Etym. “ÑGWAL” (torment) | |
torture | bag | n | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, PN, PE 17; ? Etym. “ÑGWAL” (torment) | |
torture | balg- | v | NL, merging TK “bag”, “bal”, “bol”, all from Etym. “ÑGWAL” (torment) | |
traitor | fûrthal | n | NL, see “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat) | |
traitory | fûrthurm | n | NL, abstract noun from “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat, cf.) | |
trap | hnûf | n | NL < Noldorin “hnuif”, “hniof”, “nû” (noose, snare) < Etym. “SNEW” (entangle) | |
treachery | fûrthurm | n | NL, abstract noun from “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat, cf.) | |
treason | fûrthurm | n | NL, abstract noun from “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat, cf.) | |
trick | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
trophy | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
try (in court) | damp- | v | NL < EL “dûmp-” (doom, cf.) + Quenya “nam” (to judge) + Etym. (AC) “MBAD” (judgement, sentence) | |
twist | dul- | v | HG < SV, MB | |
twist | nizg- | v | NL < TK BS “nazg” (ring) + NL “nîr” (good) + Gnomish “narp” (rotten, decayed, corrupt) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ”; compare with NL “nirg-” (rot, decay), “nirz” (corrupted, adj.) | |
twisted | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
tyrant | mog | n | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, WR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”, PN “Gazmog” replaced by “Shagrat” in LOTR; Etym. “MBAW” (oppress, force, compel); compare with PN “Bauglir” (one of Sindarin names of Morgoth) of the same etymology | |
untruth | lân | n | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | uncountable |
venom | holm | n | NL < SV, MERP “holm” < Albanian “helm”, Quenya “hloima” < root “SLOY”; related to “fâm” (cf.) | |
vile | haur | adj | NL < Quenya “saura”, Sindarin “thaur” < Etym. “THUS” (putrid, foul); as in PN “Gorthaur” (abominable horror, fear stench), epithetic name of Sauron; thus in Nûrlâm “Gorthaur” will mean “revered horrible” | mostly about smell |
villain | fikhabauk | n | NL, merging “fik” with “gabauk” (see corresponding articles) | |
violent | gor | adj | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, HOME 3, PN “Gorbag”, PN “Gorgol”; Etym. “GOR” (violence, impetus, haste, vigor) | |
war | ghûth | n | NL < TK, AO, DBS, “goth” < LOTR, Silm., BOLT 2, PN “Gothmog”; from Etym. “KOT” (strive, quarrel); modified to differentiate from other meanings of “goth” (cf.) | |
war | goth | n | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., BOLT 2, PN “Gothmog”; Explicitly translated as Gnomish “war, strife” in BOLT II; from Etym. “KOT” (strive, quarrel); see also “ghûth” | |
warlock | gîzdushal | n | NL, lit. “pact-sorcerer” | |
warp | nizg- | v | NL < TK BS “nazg” (ring) + NL “nîr” (good) + Gnomish “narp” (rotten, decayed, corrupt) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ”; compare with NL “nirg-” (rot, decay), “nirz” (corrupted, adj.) | |
warrior | dog | n | TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay); explicitly translated as “slayer” in Etymologies | |
whip | hauk | n | HG (v) < MERP “fashaukalog” < Albanian “fshikulloj” | |
whip | hauk- | v | HG < MERP “fashaukalog” < Albanian “fshikulloj” | |
whip | thup | n | LOS, HG (v) < SV, MERP “thupar” (n) < Albanian “thupër” (rod, stick, wand); compare with Qenya “tump” (to beat) | |
whore | ghrup- | v | NL, merging LOS “ghru” (penis) with Neo-Quenya “hrupuhta-” (to fornicate, lit. “to do evil sex”); see also “ghîr-” | |
whore | ghrupauk | n | NL, see “ghrup-” | of any gender |
witchcraft | dush | n | TK, DBS, WJ, WR, SD, “Dushgoi” (Minas Morgul), AA translates as “dark sorcery” = Sindarin “Morgul”; ? Valarin “dušamanûðân” (marred) ? Sindarin “dûr” (dark) as in “gûldûr” (dark sorcery) | uncountable |
wither | nark- | v | NL < merging TK “nar” (negative particle) + Qenya “narqa” (to wither), Gnomish “narcos” (to rot, decay) < Primitive Elvish root “NṚQṚ” | intransitive |
wraith | gûl | n | TK, CBS, “Nazgûl” (ringwraith), PN “Yagûl”; Sindarin “gul”, “gûl” (evil knowledge, magic, sorcery, necromancy) < Etym. “ÑGOL” (wisdom); in 1970s Tolkien changed his mind and separated etymology of Sindarin “gûl” from “ÑGOL” (wise < dark brown as name of Noldo elves) to “ÑGUL” (sinister dark) | probably not only “wraith”, but any (undead) servant of Sauron |
wrath | uruth | n | NL < Sindarin “oroth”, “rûth”, Quenya “ursa” | |
wrong | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |