Wordlist: Warfare

This page will contain a list of words related to art of war, terms for army groupings, ranks, etc. Words for weapon and armor are listed on separate page.

English	Nûrlâm	Part of speech	Etymology	Comments
abandon	rang-	v	DS
aim	akt-	v	NL < ULK “aktum” (accuracy; precision; marksmanship)	use with object in allative case
alarm	razd	n	NL, merging “razg-” with “tan” (see corresponding articles)
alarm	razg-	v	NL < Quenya “raxë” (danger)
alert	razd	n	NL, merging “razg-” with “tan” (see corresponding articles)
alert	razg-	v	NL < Quenya “raxë” (danger)
arm	piz-	v	LOS	indirect object (what to equip) in Comitative case
army	khoth	n	DS (PO) “kʰotʰ” < Etym. (not in LR) “KHOT” [2] (strive, quarrel); IMO Etym. “KHOT(H)” [1] (to gather, together in confusion, jumble) is also nice; compare with Sindarin “hoth” (horde, host)
assault	dîs-	v	LOS
attack	dîs-	v	LOS
band	lurg	n	SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band)	usually about warriors or bandits; set noun
banner	hluth	n	LOS < MB
batter	pûlp-	v	NL < LOS (to beat), probably from Quenya “palpa” (to beat, batter) < Etym. “PALAP”; see also “plup-”	to beat repeatedly
battle	dogr	n	NL < Sindarin “dagor” < Etym. “NDAK” (slay)
battle with	tad-	v	HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout)	object should be in accusative or comitative case
battlefield	dogrîz	n	NL, see “dogr”, “rîz”
battlefield	maukrîz	n	NL, see “mauk-”, “rîz”
be deprived (of)	bûf-	v	NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf”
beat	bump-	v	HG < LOS “bum” < MB	mostly about sound
beat	drîg-	v	NL < Noldorin “dringa” (to beat, strike) < Etym. “DRING”, e.g. in sword name “Glamdring” aka “Foe-hammer”, called “Beater” by goblins; see also “drang”
beat	fulk-	v	HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian
beat	pûlp-	v	NL < LOS (to beat), probably from Quenya “palpa” (to beat, batter) < Etym. “PALAP”; see also “plup-”	to beat repeatedly
beset	raugd-	v	NL < “raug” (round) + MERP “roth” (round) < Albanian “rreth”
besiege	raugd-	v	NL < “raug” (round) + MERP “roth” (round) < Albanian “rreth”
betrayal	fûrthurm	n	NL, abstract noun from “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat, cf.)
betrayer	fûrthal	n	NL, see “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat)
bivouac	ikt	n	NL < LP “ikat”< Sindarin “echad”
booty	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
border	zugl	n	SV, MB; compare with LOS “zug” (lip)
bound	zugl	n	SV, MB; compare with LOS “zug” (lip)
bounty	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
calm	borz	n	HG, cited as borrowed from SV but there is no similar word attested	uncountable
camp	ikt	n	NL < LP “ikat”< Sindarin “echad”
captain	hizd	n	NL < Ilkorin “hest”, Quenya “hesto” < Etym. (AC) “KHES” (to command)
captive	glûr	n	LOS, HG
capture	dik-	v	LOS
castle	goit	n	NL, merging TK DBS “goi” (city with citadel) with LOS, SV “kûtotaz” < MERP < Albanian “qytet” (city) < Latin “civitas”, SV “kûtoz” (garrison, fortification) < MERP with TK DBS “goth”, NL “ghûth” (war) < Etym. “KOT” with Noldorin “ost” (walled city, town), Sindarin “ost” (fort, fortress, stronghold, citadel, fortified town), Quenya PN “Mandos” (Castle of Custody) < “osto” < Etym. “OS” (around); compare with “ozd” (house)
casualties	dogauk	n	from TK “dog-” (to slay, cf.) + suffix “-auk”
champion	maurd	n	NL, merging “mau” (warrior) with Qenya “mordo” (warrior, hero) < early Primitive Elvish “mau̯ard” (shepherd)
charge (army maneuvre)	dunr-	v	NL, merging LOS “du-” with Quenya and Sindarin “nor” (to run, leap) < roots “NOR”, “NORO” (to run, ride, roll on wheels)	especially mounted or chariot attack
citadel	goit	n	NL, merging TK DBS “goi” (city with citadel) with LOS, SV “kûtotaz” < MERP < Albanian “qytet” (city) < Latin “civitas”, SV “kûtoz” (garrison, fortification) < MERP with TK DBS “goth”, NL “ghûth” (war) < Etym. “KOT” with Noldorin “ost” (walled city, town), Sindarin “ost” (fort, fortress, stronghold, citadel, fortified town), Quenya PN “Mandos” (Castle of Custody) < “osto” < Etym. “OS” (around); compare with “ozd” (house)
civil	narmauhûrz	adj	NL, see “nar”, “mauh”	opposite of “military”
clash	thlazg-	v	NL < Noldorin “tlach(a)” (to clap, clash, clatter) + Russian “лязг” [lʲæzg]	source of sound should be in Genitive or Instrumental case
class	dhâr	n	LOS	about hierarchy иерархия
cling together	gragh-	v	NL, see “gragh” (n)	intransitive
column	shalg	n	NL, merging LOS “shalk”< SV with ZA “shak” (line); probably related to TK DBS “sha”; compare with ZA “shâlkshur” (line-up, formation, arrangement)	a line of people
combat	dogr	n	NL < Sindarin “dagor” < Etym. “NDAK” (slay)
conquer	paik-	v	NL < Qenya “apaika”, “apaira”, “apaitya” (conquer-) < QL stem “PAÝA” (punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue)
conquer	thudurb-	v	NL, lit. “over-rule”, calque from Noldorin “ortur”
cover	lazg-	v	SV, HG < MB “lâz”	indirect object should be in Ablative case
damage	fulk-	v	HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian
deal with	tad-	v	HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout)	object should be in accusative or comitative case
defeat	bûf	n	NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf”
defeat	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
defend	lazg-	v	SV, HG < MB “lâz”	indirect object should be in Ablative case
desert	rang-	v	DS
ditch	rond	n	NL, merging TK DBS “ronk” (pit) with Sindarin “rant” (water-channel, course) < Etym. “RAT” (run, flow) with SV, HG “hondok” < MERP < Albanian “hendek”; compare with English “rut”, Russian “рыть” [rɨtʲ] (to dig); compare with “krond” (mine, tunnel) < Etym. “ROD” (cave), Etym. AC “ROT” (tunnel)	artificial channel, may be dry
drainage	rond	n	NL, merging TK DBS “ronk” (pit) with Sindarin “rant” (water-channel, course) < Etym. “RAT” (run, flow) with SV, HG “hondok” < MERP < Albanian “hendek”; compare with English “rut”, Russian “рыть” [rɨtʲ] (to dig); compare with “krond” (mine, tunnel) < Etym. “ROD” (cave), Etym. AC “ROT” (tunnel)	artificial channel, may be dry
dyke	rond	n	NL, merging TK DBS “ronk” (pit) with Sindarin “rant” (water-channel, course) < Etym. “RAT” (run, flow) with SV, HG “hondok” < MERP < Albanian “hendek”; compare with English “rut”, Russian “рыть” [rɨtʲ] (to dig); compare with “krond” (mine, tunnel) < Etym. “ROD” (cave), Etym. AC “ROT” (tunnel)	artificial channel, may be dry
edge	zugl	n	SV, MB; compare with LOS “zug” (lip)
encircle	raugd-	v	NL < “raug” (round) + MERP “roth” (round) < Albanian “rreth”
encounter	tad-	v	HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout)	object should be in accusative or comitative case
enemy	goth	n	TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”, PN “Morgoth”; Noldorin < Etym. “KOTH” (enemy); see also “kuth”	this translation comes from Sindarin, but orcs probably replaced it with “lord, master”
enemy	kuth	n	NL < Sindarin “coth”, “cûd”, “gud”, Noldorin “goth” as in PN “Morgoth” (Black Enemy) < Etym. “KOTH”, “KOT”; changed to avoid confusion with other translations of “goth”
equip (weapon)	piz-	v	LOS	indirect object (what to equip) in Comitative case
error	saug	n	NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV
exercise	tail-	v	LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-”
face	tad-	v	HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout)	object should be in accusative or comitative case
failure	saug	n	NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV
fall	zad-	v	DS; compare with MERP “zaduk-”, ZA “zâdûk-” (to destroy), probably from SV “sadáuk” (attack, assault)	also about buildings and war (e.g. “garrison has fallen”, “city has fallen”)
fall in(to line)	gaid- nâd	expr	NL, lit. “join inside”; see “gaid-”, “nâd”	usually a command
fame	imburm	n	NL < Gnomish “emfeg” (infamous, of evil name)	uncountable
fault	saug	n	NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV
fend off	hazd-	v	NL < Gnomish “hadra” < “had” (opposite)
fight	dogr	n	NL < Sindarin “dagor” < Etym. “NDAK” (slay)
fight	mauk-	v	LOS, probably from Qenya “mahtar” (warrior) < Etym. “MAK” (sword, to fight)	literally, with weapons or fists
fight	tad-	v	HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout)	object should be in accusative or comitative case
fight back	hazd-	v	NL < Gnomish “hadra” < “had” (opposite)
fighter	maukal	n	NL, see “mauk-”	mostly sport
file (of people)	shalg	n	NL, merging LOS “shalk”< SV with ZA “shak” (line); probably related to TK DBS “sha”; compare with ZA “shâlkshur” (line-up, formation, arrangement)	a line of people
fire (at)	bauz-	v	LOS, HG (to shoot) < SV < MERP “bauz” (arrow, dart)	requires object in Allative case
flag	hluth	n	LOS < MB
flank	ramb	n	ZA
flock	gragh-	v	NL, see “gragh” (n)	intransitive
foe	goth	n	TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”, PN “Morgoth”; Noldorin < Etym. “KOTH” (enemy); see also “kuth”	this translation comes from Sindarin, but orcs probably replaced it with “lord, master”
foe	kuth	n	NL < Sindarin “coth”, “cûd”, “gud”, Noldorin “goth” as in PN “Morgoth” (Black Enemy) < Etym. “KOTH”, “KOT”; changed to avoid confusion with other translations of “goth”
forfeit	bûf-	v	NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf”
forgather	gragh-	v	NL, see “gragh” (n)	intransitive
forsake	rang-	v	DS
fortress	goit	n	NL, merging TK DBS “goi” (city with citadel) with LOS, SV “kûtotaz” < MERP < Albanian “qytet” (city) < Latin “civitas”, SV “kûtoz” (garrison, fortification) < MERP with TK DBS “goth”, NL “ghûth” (war) < Etym. “KOT” with Noldorin “ost” (walled city, town), Sindarin “ost” (fort, fortress, stronghold, citadel, fortified town), Quenya PN “Mandos” (Castle of Custody) < “osto” < Etym. “OS” (around); compare with “ozd” (house)
front	molz	n	HG
frontier	zugl	n	SV, MB; compare with LOS “zug” (lip)
fuck-up	saug	n	NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV
gang	lurg	n	SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band)	usually about warriors or bandits; set noun
glory	imburm	n	NL < Gnomish “emfeg” (infamous, of evil name)	uncountable
grade	dhâr	n	LOS	about hierarchy иерархия
group	lurg	n	SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band)	usually about warriors or bandits; set noun
guard	dirn	n	MERP “dagor-dirn” (battle guard) < Sindarin “dagor”, “tirith”?
guard	tud-	v	DS (to watch) < Westron “tud”, “tudnas”, “tunnas” (watch, guard)
guardian	dirn	n	MERP “dagor-dirn” (battle guard) < Sindarin “dagor”, “tirith”?
hang together	gragh-	v	NL, see “gragh” (n)	intransitive
harry	lîzd-	v	NL < rejected Qenya “lehesta”, “lehasta” (to ride, riding, raid)
have mercy on	kask-	v	NL < SV (BA) “kaskût” (mercy, n)	use with object in accusative case
have victory over	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
hero	maurd	n	NL, merging “mau” (warrior) with Qenya “mordo” (warrior, hero) < early Primitive Elvish “mau̯ard” (shepherd)
hit	fulk-	v	HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian
hold	fîth-	v	LOS	also military term
hold together	gragh-	v	NL, see “gragh” (n)	intransitive
horde	hurm	n	NL, merging Qenya “horma” with Sindarin “hoth” < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather, assmebly); see also “khoth”, “hog-”, “-hai”	set noun
host	hurm	n	NL, merging Qenya “horma” with Sindarin “hoth” < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather, assmebly); see also “khoth”, “hog-”, “-hai”	set noun
hurt	fulk-	v	HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian
insurrect	shadm-	v	NL, merging SV “shataum” (trouble, unrest, restleness, worry, revolt, rebellion, uprising, turmoil) (n), probably from MERP “shatarg-” (to storm) < Albanian “shtrëngatë” or MERP “shâtaz” (brute) < Albanian “shtazë” with DS “shad” (destruction)
intrude	shûkh-	v	NL, merging “(i)shi” (in, into) with “ukh-” (to go) in analogy with Latin word	to move troops in; to enter a territory without allowance or invitation; use with objects in Illative or Allative case
invade	shûkh-	v	NL, merging “(i)shi” (in, into) with “ukh-” (to go) in analogy with Latin word	to move troops in; to enter a territory without allowance or invitation; use with objects in Illative or Allative case
join the ranks	gaid- nâd	expr	NL, lit. “join inside”; see “gaid-”, “nâd”	usually a command
keep	fîth-	v	LOS	also military term
keep together	gragh-	v	NL, see “gragh” (n)	intransitive
kill	dog-	v	TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay)
knight	lûghoth	n	NL, melting “lûkh” (horse) with “goth” (lord), a calque from Sindarin “rochir”
leave	rang-	v	DS
limit	zugl	n	SV, MB; compare with LOS “zug” (lip)
line	ting	n	NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
line(up)	shalg	n	NL, merging LOS “shalk”< SV with ZA “shak” (line); probably related to TK DBS “sha”; compare with ZA “shâlkshur” (line-up, formation, arrangement)	a line of people
loot	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
lose	bûf-	v	NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf”
loss	bûf	n	NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf”
losses	dogauk	n	from TK “dog-” (to slay, cf.) + suffix “-auk”
lot	lurg	n	SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band)	usually about warriors or bandits; set noun
lubber	nalzauk	n	NL, see “nalz”	a clumsy, lazy, stupid or inexperienced person; army slang word for newbies
march	thûkh-	v	NL < “thul” + “ukh-” (lit. “foot walking”)
meet at battlefield	tad-	v	HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout)	object should be in accusative or comitative case
military	mauhûrz	adj	NL < TK “mau(h)” (see “mau”, “mauh”)
miss	saug	n	NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV
mistake	saug	n	NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV
newbie	nalzauk	n	NL, see “nalz”	a clumsy, lazy, stupid or inexperienced person; army slang word for newbies
non-military	narmauhûrz	adj	NL, see “nar”, “mauh”	opposite of “military”
noob	nalzauk	n	NL, see “nalz”	a clumsy, lazy, stupid or inexperienced person; army slang word for newbies
noose	hnûf	n	NL < Noldorin “hnuif”, “hniof”, “nû” (noose, snare) < Etym. “SNEW” (entangle)
occupy	shûkh-	v	NL, merging “(i)shi” (in, into) with “ukh-” (to go) in analogy with Latin word	to move troops in; to enter a territory without allowance or invitation; use with objects in Illative or Allative case
officer	zurzal	n	NL < LOS “zûrz” (official)
official	zurzal	n	NL < LOS “zûrz” (official)
opponent	kuth	n	NL < Sindarin “coth”, “cûd”, “gud”, Noldorin “goth” as in PN “Morgoth” (Black Enemy) < Etym. “KOTH”, “KOT”; changed to avoid confusion with other translations of “goth”
oppose	hazd-	v	NL < Gnomish “hadra” < “had” (opposite)
outfit	piz-	v	LOS	indirect object (what to equip) in Comitative case
overcome	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
overthrow	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
overwhelm	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
paladin	lûghoth	n	NL, melting “lûkh” (horse) with “goth” (lord), a calque from Sindarin “rochir”
patrol	tudukh-	v	NL, lit. “guard-walk”; see “tud-”, “ukh-”
peace	borz	n	HG, cited as borrowed from SV but there is no similar word attested	uncountable
pillage	prauk-	v	NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-”	take other's property by force
play	tail-	v	LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-”
plunder	prauk-	v	NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-”	take other's property by force
plunder	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
point	akt-	v	NL < ULK “aktum” (accuracy; precision; marksmanship)	use with object in allative case
practice	tail-	v	LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-”
prisoner	glûr	n	LOS, HG
profit	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
protect	lazg-	v	SV, HG < MB “lâz”	indirect object should be in Ablative case
rabble	lurg	n	SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band)	usually about warriors or bandits; set noun
raid	lîzd-	v	NL < rejected Qenya “lehesta”, “lehasta” (to ride, riding, raid)
range	ting	n	NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
rank	dhâr	n	LOS	about hierarchy иерархия
rank	ting	n	NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
ransom	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
rebel	shadm-	v	NL, merging SV “shataum” (trouble, unrest, restleness, worry, revolt, rebellion, uprising, turmoil) (n), probably from MERP “shatarg-” (to storm) < Albanian “shtrëngatë” or MERP “shâtaz” (brute) < Albanian “shtazë” with DS “shad” (destruction)
reluct	shadm-	v	NL, merging SV “shataum” (trouble, unrest, restleness, worry, revolt, rebellion, uprising, turmoil) (n), probably from MERP “shatarg-” (to storm) < Albanian “shtrëngatë” or MERP “shâtaz” (brute) < Albanian “shtazë” with DS “shad” (destruction)
renegade	fûrthal	n	NL, see “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat)
repose	borz	n	HG, cited as borrowed from SV but there is no similar word attested	uncountable
reputation	imburm	n	NL < Gnomish “emfeg” (infamous, of evil name)	uncountable
resist	hazd-	v	NL < Gnomish “hadra” < “had” (opposite)
rest	borz	n	HG, cited as borrowed from SV but there is no similar word attested	uncountable
revolt	shadm-	v	NL, merging SV “shataum” (trouble, unrest, restleness, worry, revolt, rebellion, uprising, turmoil) (n), probably from MERP “shatarg-” (to storm) < Albanian “shtrëngatë” or MERP “shâtaz” (brute) < Albanian “shtazë” with DS “shad” (destruction)
reward	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
riot	shadm-	v	NL, merging SV “shataum” (trouble, unrest, restleness, worry, revolt, rebellion, uprising, turmoil) (n), probably from MERP “shatarg-” (to storm) < Albanian “shtrëngatë” or MERP “shâtaz” (brute) < Albanian “shtazë” with DS “shad” (destruction)
rookie	nalzauk	n	NL, see “nalz”	a clumsy, lazy, stupid or inexperienced person; army slang word for newbies
row	ting	n	NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
rush	khîzg-	v	NL, merging DS “khîg-” (to run, hurry) with LOS “hîs” (fast) (see corresponding articles)	to move oneself quickly and suddenly
rut	rond	n	NL, merging TK DBS “ronk” (pit) with Sindarin “rant” (water-channel, course) < Etym. “RAT” (run, flow) with SV, HG “hondok” < MERP < Albanian “hendek”; compare with English “rut”, Russian “рыть” [rɨtʲ] (to dig); compare with “krond” (mine, tunnel) < Etym. “ROD” (cave), Etym. AC “ROT” (tunnel)	artificial channel, may be dry
sack	prauk-	v	NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-”	take other's property by force
scout	nûsh	n	NL < Easterling “nûs” (spy) as in Gandalf's name “Incánus”
sellout	fûrthal	n	NL, see “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat)
sentinel	dirn	n	MERP “dagor-dirn” (battle guard) < Sindarin “dagor”, “tirith”?
sentry	dirn	n	MERP “dagor-dirn” (battle guard) < Sindarin “dagor”, “tirith”?
serie	ting	n	NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
servant	snaga	n	TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain)	may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy
shield	lazg-	v	SV, HG < MB “lâz”	indirect object should be in Ablative case
shoot	bauz-	v	LOS, HG (to shoot) < SV < MERP “bauz” (arrow, dart)	requires object in Allative case
side	ramb	n	ZA
signal	razd	n	NL, merging “razg-” with “tan” (see corresponding articles)
slain	dogauk	n	from TK “dog-” (to slay, cf.) + suffix “-auk”
slave	snaga	n	TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain)	may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy
slay	dog-	v	TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay)
slayer	dog	n	TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay); explicitly translated as “slayer” in Etymologies
smite	fulk-	v	HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian
snare	hnûf	n	NL < Noldorin “hnuif”, “hniof”, “nû” (noose, snare) < Etym. “SNEW” (entangle)
soldier	dog	n	TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay); explicitly translated as “slayer” in Etymologies
spare	kask-	v	NL < SV (BA) “kaskût” (mercy, n)	use with object in accusative case
spoil	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
spy	nûsh	n	NL < Easterling “nûs” (spy) as in Gandalf's name “Incánus”
squad	lurg	n	SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band)	usually about warriors or bandits; set noun
stand together	gragh-	v	NL, see “gragh” (n)	intransitive
standard	hluth	n	LOS < MB
status	dhâr	n	LOS	about hierarchy иерархия
stick together	gragh-	v	NL, see “gragh” (n)	intransitive
strife	ghûth	n	NL < TK, AO, DBS, “goth” < LOTR, Silm., BOLT 2, PN “Gothmog”; from Etym. “KOT” (strive, quarrel); modified to differentiate from other meanings of “goth” (cf.)
strife	goth	n	TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., BOLT 2, PN “Gothmog”; Explicitly translated as Gnomish “war, strife” in BOLT II; from Etym. “KOT” (strive, quarrel); see also “ghûth”
strike	drîg-	v	NL < Noldorin “dringa” (to beat, strike) < Etym. “DRING”, e.g. in sword name “Glamdring” aka “Foe-hammer”, called “Beater” by goblins; see also “drang”
strike	fulk-	v	HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian
stronghold	goit	n	NL, merging TK DBS “goi” (city with citadel) with LOS, SV “kûtotaz” < MERP < Albanian “qytet” (city) < Latin “civitas”, SV “kûtoz” (garrison, fortification) < MERP with TK DBS “goth”, NL “ghûth” (war) < Etym. “KOT” with Noldorin “ost” (walled city, town), Sindarin “ost” (fort, fortress, stronghold, citadel, fortified town), Quenya PN “Mandos” (Castle of Custody) < “osto” < Etym. “OS” (around); compare with “ozd” (house)
struggle	tad-	v	HG < MERP “bartas” (brawl) < Albanian “bërtas” (to scream, shout)	object should be in accusative or comitative case
surround	raugd-	v	NL < “raug” (round) + MERP “roth” (round) < Albanian “rreth”
swag	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
target	akt-	v	NL < ULK “aktum” (accuracy; precision; marksmanship)	use with object in allative case
thrall	snaga	n	TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain)	may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy
thwart	hazd-	v	NL < Gnomish “hadra” < “had” (opposite)
title	dhâr	n	LOS	about hierarchy иерархия
train	tail-	v	LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-”
traitor	fûrthal	n	NL, see “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat)
traitory	fûrthurm	n	NL, abstract noun from “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat, cf.)
tranquility	borz	n	HG, cited as borrowed from SV but there is no similar word attested	uncountable
trap	hnûf	n	NL < Noldorin “hnuif”, “hniof”, “nû” (noose, snare) < Etym. “SNEW” (entangle)
treachery	fûrthurm	n	NL, abstract noun from “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat, cf.)
treason	fûrthurm	n	NL, abstract noun from “fûrth-” (to betray, cheat, cf.)
trench	rond	n	NL, merging TK DBS “ronk” (pit) with Sindarin “rant” (water-channel, course) < Etym. “RAT” (run, flow) with SV, HG “hondok” < MERP < Albanian “hendek”; compare with English “rut”, Russian “рыть” [rɨtʲ] (to dig); compare with “krond” (mine, tunnel) < Etym. “ROD” (cave), Etym. AC “ROT” (tunnel)	artificial channel, may be dry
troop	lurg	n	SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band)	usually about warriors or bandits; set noun
trophy	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
turn against	shadm-	v	NL, merging SV “shataum” (trouble, unrest, restleness, worry, revolt, rebellion, uprising, turmoil) (n), probably from MERP “shatarg-” (to storm) < Albanian “shtrëngatë” or MERP “shâtaz” (brute) < Albanian “shtazë” with DS “shad” (destruction)
uprise	shadm-	v	NL, merging SV “shataum” (trouble, unrest, restleness, worry, revolt, rebellion, uprising, turmoil) (n), probably from MERP “shatarg-” (to storm) < Albanian “shtrëngatë” or MERP “shâtaz” (brute) < Albanian “shtazë” with DS “shad” (destruction)
vanquish	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
war	ghûth	n	NL < TK, AO, DBS, “goth” < LOTR, Silm., BOLT 2, PN “Gothmog”; from Etym. “KOT” (strive, quarrel); modified to differentiate from other meanings of “goth” (cf.)
war	goth	n	TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., BOLT 2, PN “Gothmog”; Explicitly translated as Gnomish “war, strife” in BOLT II; from Etym. “KOT” (strive, quarrel); see also “ghûth”
ward	dirn	n	MERP “dagor-dirn” (battle guard) < Sindarin “dagor”, “tirith”?
ward	tud-	v	DS (to watch) < Westron “tud”, “tudnas”, “tunnas” (watch, guard)
warn	razg-	v	NL < Quenya “raxë” (danger)
warning	razd	n	NL, merging “razg-” with “tan” (see corresponding articles)
warrior	dog	n	TK, AO, HOME 3, LR, PN “Boldog”; Noldorin “daug” (warrior, soldier) < Etym. “NDAK” (slay); explicitly translated as “slayer” in Etymologies
warrior	mau	n	LOS < TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Mauhúr”; ? Qenya “mahtar” (warrior) < Etym. “MAK” (sword)	translation is speculative
warrior	mauh	n	TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Mauhúr”; ? Qenya “mahtar” (warrior) < Etym. “MAK” (sword)	translation is speculative
watch	dirn	n	MERP “dagor-dirn” (battle guard) < Sindarin “dagor”, “tirith”?
watch (over)	tud-	v	DS (to watch) < Westron “tud”, “tudnas”, “tunnas” (watch, guard)
win	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
wing (of army formation or building)	ramb	n	ZA

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