Indicative mood or Realis (abbreviated as REAL or IND) is the grammatical mood that is used to indicate facts. Most articles about grammar touch only this mood. It is formed without special markers of mood. But all other possible suffixes, prefixes and clitics may be added to indicate other grammatical forms.

Strictly speaking the term “Indicative mood” may be applied only to events or states of being which speaker have witnessed (Past tense):

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or is being observing (or feeling through other senses) right now (Present tense):

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or for general truths:

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and future tense cannot be Realis (even sentences like “Sun will rise tomorrow in the East”). Usage of modal verbs also indicate some Irrealis mood, even when they have default form of present tense. Anyway in many languages including Nûrlâm, the grammatical form of indicative mood is often used to express other moods.

The following moods are considered Realis, but not Indicative.

• Future tense applied to general truths (“Sun will rise tomorrow in the East”)
• Future tense applied to repeatable/habitual actions (“He will go to work next morning”)
• Mirative mood, when action is real, but speaker was surprised (“Wow, it speaks!”, “It's alive!”, “It works!”). May carry tone of irony.
• Oblique or Inferential mood:
  • when speaker is absolutely sure in what he says, but event cannot be confirmed (any tense); expressions like (“I'm sure”, “certainly”) may be added;
  • when event is real, but speaker didn't witnessed it personally (e.g through news or other's speech), includes indirect speech;

The following moods are Irrealis, but the grammatical form of Indicative mood is used to express them:

• Dynamic modality, expressed by future tense (“I will sing”) or modal verb “can” in any tense (“I could sing (in the past)”)
• Comissive mood, used for promises, vows and threats;
• Some cases of Jussive and Necessitative moods may be expressed by Gerundives.
• Desiderative mood sometimes may be expressed by verbs (hope), (fear), (dream) + clause in future tense.
• Potential mood uses any tense of Indicative, but adds some words expressing doubt (probably, possible).
• Subjunctive mood may be replaced with Gerundive after some impersonal expressions
• In various conditional complex sentences:
  • factual/habitual - present tense for both condition and main part
  • predictive - future tense for both parts of sentence
  • suppositional - when speaker is sure about consequences, then main part is in future tense, but the condition is in Subjunctive
  • eventive - when speaker is sure that condition may happen, but unsure about consequences, then condition is in future tense, but main part is in Subjunctive