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Feature | Infinitive | Gerundive |
---|---|---|
forming suffix | -ut | -at |
Grammatical categories | ||
Future tense | ✘ | ✔ |
Passive voice | ✘ | ✔1) |
Mood | ✘2) | ✔3) |
Roles in the sentence | ||
Subject | ✔ | ✘ |
Object | ✔ | ✘ |
Main verb of compound predicate | ✔ | ✘ |
Main verb of impersonal sentence | ✔4) | ✔5) |
Predicative6) | ✘ | ✔ |
Attributive7) | ✘ | ✔ |
Adverbial | ✘ | ✔ |
Semantics | ||
purpose (“in order to” either implied or explicit, answers to questions with “why?”) | ✘ | ✔ |
intention (“be about to”, “be going to”) | ✘ | ✔ |
necessity (after impersonal sentences like “it's necessary” or “it's important”, without modal verbs) | ✘ | ✔ |
habits (“used to”) | ✘8) | ✘9) |
commands and strong advices to explicit person, e.g. after verbs like “command”, “order”, “demand”, “insist”, “request”, “recommend”, “propose”, “suggest”, “expect”, “advice” etc. (Jussive modality) | ✘ | ✔ |
desires and wishes to another person to do an action, e.g. after verbs like “want”, “wish”, “expect”, “wait” smb. to do smth. | ✘ | ✔ |
conditional phrases like “to be honest”, “to think” with omitted “if” and other parts10) | ✘ | ✔ |