Infinitive vs. Gerundive

Feature	Infinitive	Gerundive
forming suffix	-ut	-at
Grammatical categories
Future tense	✘	✔
Passive voice	✘	✔¹⁾
Mood	✘²⁾	✔³⁾
Roles in the sentence
Subject	✔	✘
Object	✔	✘
Main verb of compound predicate	✔	✘
Main verb of impersonal sentence	✔⁴⁾	✔⁵⁾
Predicative⁶⁾	✘	✔
Attributive⁷⁾	✘	✔
Adverbial	✘	✔
Semantics
purpose (“in order to” either implied or explicit, answers to questions with “why?”)	✘	✔
intention (“be about to”, “be going to”)	✘	✔
necessity (after impersonal sentences like “it's necessary” or “it's important”, without modal verbs)	✘	✔
habits (“used to”)	✘⁸⁾	✘⁹⁾
expression of strong advice in current circumstances “had better” and personal preferences “would rather”, do not have direct correspondence in Nûrlâm, but infinitives and gerundives may be used to translate them	✘¹⁰⁾	✘¹¹⁾
commands and strong advices to explicit person, e.g. after verbs like “command”, “order”, “demand”, “insist”, “request”, “recommend”, “propose”, “suggest”, “expect”, “advice” etc. (Jussive modality)	✘	✔
desires and wishes to another person to do an action, e.g. after verbs like “want”, “wish”, “expect”, “wait” smb. to do smth.	✘	✔
conditional phrases like “to be honest”, “to think” with conjunction “if” (usually omitted in English) and other parts (when future tense is implied)	✘	✔

¹⁾

should be additionally marked with object in instrumental case

²⁾

not directly, only together with modal verbs as part of compound predicate

³⁾

only some modalities expressing actions that didn't happened yet

⁴⁾ , ⁵⁾

depends on context

⁶⁾

adjectival phrase which is a part of predicate, usually after the verb “to be” = “kul”

⁷⁾

adjectival phrase modifying the object or subject

⁸⁾ , ⁹⁾

Nûrlâm uses habitual aspect of verb in past tense

¹⁰⁾

not directly, main verb in infinitive becomes the subject: “To (do smth.) is better for …”

¹¹⁾

not directly, used only when the phrase is transformed into impersonal sentence “It is better for … to (do smth.)…”

Nûrlâm –
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