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Grammatical person shows distinction between references to participants of an action. It's closely related to set of personal pronouns and affects verbs. See Wikipedia for more information.
In Nûrlâm verb's category of person is expressed via clitic personal pronouns, and standalone pronouns are often omitted. So, if standalone pronoun is used then verb has no special ending. There are three persons similarly to many European languages. However according to popular belief that Sauron forbade using 1st person singular (“I”), only 3rd person pronouns and verbs has separate form of singular number. This part of the language was changed several times through it's history (see tables below).
Forms of clitic and standalone pronouns are the same except 3rd person plural. There is no distinction between singular and plural form
Person, number and gender | English | Standalone pronoun | Clitic pronoun | |
---|---|---|---|---|
prefix | suffix | |||
1st sing. | I | da | da- | -izg |
1st pl. | we | |||
2nd sing. | you | lat | ki- | -lat |
2nd pl. | ||||
3rd sing. m. | he | ta | ta- | -ta1) |
3rd sing. f. | she | |||
3rd sing. n. | it | |||
3rd pl. | they | tak | ulu- | -ut |
Common number becomes singular, adding plural form for clitic pronouns
Person, number and gender | English | Standalone pronoun | Clitic pronoun (verb's suffix) |
---|---|---|---|
1st sing. | I | izg | izg |
1st pl. | we | ûzg | |
2nd sing. | you | lat | lat |
2nd pl. | lut | ||
3rd sing. m. | he | ta | ta2) |
3rd sing. f. | she | ||
3rd sing. n. | it | ||
3rd pl. | they | tak | ut |
Adding division in gender for 3rd person pronouns, adding number to standalone pronouns of 1st and 2nd person. Plural clitic pronoun may be added even if corresponding standalone pronoun is present. Pronouns are never prefixed.
Person, number and gender | English | Standalone pronoun | Clitic pronoun (verb's suffix) |
---|---|---|---|
1st sing. | I | izg | izg |
1st pl. | we | izgû | ûzg |
2nd sing. | you | lat | lat |
2nd pl. | latû | lut | |
3rd sing. m. | he | ta | ta3) |
3rd sing. f. | she | na | |
3rd sing. n. | it | za | |
3rd pl. | they | tak | ut |
See also a verb's suffix chain table