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grammar_case [2020/12/27 16:17] – [Case endings table] morgoth | grammar_case [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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- | Nûrlâm has 14 cases formed mostly by [[adpositions|postpositions]] which are usually translated into English as prepositions, | + | Nûrlâm has 14 cases formed mostly by [[adpositions|postpositions]] which are usually translated into English as prepositions, |
Certain [[grammar_verb|verbs]] require their objects to be in specific case or may even change their meaning depending on object' | Certain [[grammar_verb|verbs]] require their objects to be in specific case or may even change their meaning depending on object' | ||
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==== Relation of locative cases ==== | ==== Relation of locative cases ==== | ||
- | The table below shows better the distinction between various locative cases: | + | The table below shows better the distinction between various |
- | ^ Status of motion | + | |
- | ^ ::: ^ Interior | + | {{page> |
- | | **approaching**, | + | |
- | | **stationary** | + | |
- | | **departing**, | + | |
However, while the difference between Illative and Allative cases is usually clear and easy to catch, with other pairs it's often not, so some practice and memorization is needed. | However, while the difference between Illative and Allative cases is usually clear and easy to catch, with other pairs it's often not, so some practice and memorization is needed. | ||
+ | |||
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==== Case forms of pronouns ==== | ==== Case forms of pronouns ==== | ||
- | Case forms are given for // | + | Case forms are given for // |
{{page> | {{page> | ||
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===== Evolution of cases in Black Speech ===== | ===== Evolution of cases in Black Speech ===== | ||
- | Probably every postposition was meant to be a specific case ending in ancient forms of Black Speech. In // | + | Probably every postposition was meant to be a specific case ending in ancient forms of Black Speech. Orc-curse copies English grammar in cases (lacking of them) and using prepositions instead of postpositions. So, the following [[black_speech_evolution|stages]] of dropping out the cases are assumed: |
- | - //Ergative case// rejected, caused by changing the [[syntax_ergative|Ergative]] alignment to [[syntax_nominative|Nominative-Accusative]] and structure from SOV to SVO. It may be still used in passive-like constructions, | + | |
- // | - // | ||
- merging // | - merging // | ||
- abandoning of // | - abandoning of // | ||
- | - only 7 cases are left in Svartiska: // | + | - only 7 cases are left in [[black_speech_dialects# |
- | - Shadowlandian dialect does not name postpositions as cases but still have special grammatical meanings of remaining ones. It uses the form of Allative case as Dative at least for pronouns. So, five cases (// | + | - [[[black_speech_dialects# |
- in Colloquial Svartiska only four cases (// | - in Colloquial Svartiska only four cases (// | ||
- no cases in [[Orcish curse]]. Probably, // | - no cases in [[Orcish curse]]. Probably, // |