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--- translations:babel_tower [2021/08/31 16:08] – [Translation in Nûrlâm] morgoth
+++ translations:babel_tower [2022/11/28 19:27] – [Translation in Nûrlâm] morgoth
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Babel's Tower ======
-"**//The Tower of Babel//**" is the fragment from the Old Testament (Genesis 11: 1–9) telling a story of separating a common language of all people into individual languages. This fragment is often used as a translation exercise or a language showcase for both real and constructed languages. This story especially suits situation with orcs of the Third Age ("they could not understand one another’s orc-speech" - LOTR II, Book Three, Chapter III: The Uruk-hai) and with numerous incompatible fan's reconstructions of Black Speech.
+"**//The Tower of Babel//**" is the fragment from the Old Testament (Genesis 11: 1--9) telling a story of separating a common language of all people into individual languages. This fragment is often used as a translation exercise or a language showcase for both real and constructed languages. This story especially suits situation with orcs of the Third Age ("they could not understand one another's orc-speech" -- LOTR II, Book Three, Chapter III: The Uruk-hai) and with numerous incompatible fan's reconstructions of Black Speech.
 The text is cited from "New King James" Bible version (1982):
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 To add [[:archaic_style|archaic]] flavour to the text, the following methods were used:
-  * Explicit [[:case_accusative|accusative case]] ending //-ish//
-  * The [[:verb_to_be|verb "to be"]] is always present, including the present tense
-  * Verb–Subject–Object (VSO) word order (except state: "to be" + adjective/participle)
   * all modifiers are placed **after** the words they describe, including prepositions becoming postpositions, but except number "ash" = "one" and conjunctions
+  * Explicit [[:case_accusative|accusative case]] ending //-ish// except when followed by postpositions
+  * The [[:verb_to_be|verb "to be"]] is always present, including the present tense
+  * Verb--Subject--Object (VSO) word order (except state: "to be" + adjective/participle)
   * singular form of pronouns is used for plural pronouns too
-  * lack of plural form in Nûrlâm will suit well biblical pluralization of the name Elohim
+  * lack of plural form in Nûrlâm will suit well the biblical pluralization of the name Elohim
 Resulting translation:
-^ Line ^ Nûrlâm ^ Gloss, back translation and comments ^
 ^  Lug Bâbilob  ^^^
-| 1 | Zil brusuzâ uzgûk ash lâmish agh ash gashnurmish | Now have-PST-3SG land=all one language-ACC and one speak-NMLZ-ACC |
+^ Line ^ Nûrlâm ^ Gloss, back translation and comments ^
-| 2 | Agh ghugshuzâ kusn mûlurmtabish ghânshah zamash tagimbuz ash uzgokish uzgumor Shinârob agh tafulguz zîgin | And happen-PST-3SG.SBJ during road-NMLZ=3.GEN-ACC East=ELA that 3=find-PST one flatland-ACC land-DEF=INE Shinar-GEN and 3=dwell-PST that.place |
+| 1 | Zil brusuzâ uzgûk ash lâmish agh ash gashnurmish | Now have-PST-3SG land=all one language-ACC and one speak-NZ.ABSTR-ACC |
-| ::: | ::: | And it happened during their journey from East that they found a plain in the land of Shinar and they dwelled there |
+| ::: | ::: | Now all the lands had one language and one speech. |
-| 3 | Zîgil tagashnuz ash iskûr, "Skât, gâkh kramput thlarish agh mazgutul girkharz". Tabrusuz thlarish gundûr agh tabrusuz thûfish raukûr. | That.time 3=say-PST one another-DAT, "Come, let's make-INF brick-ACC and bake-INF=3.OBJ care-ADV." 3=have brick-ACC stone-DAT agh 3=have tar-ACC mortar-DAT |
+| 2 | Agh ghugshuzâ kusn mûlurmtabish ghânshah zamash tagimbuz ash uzgokish uzgumor Shinârob agh tafulguz zîgin | And happen-PST-3SG.SBJ during road-ABSTR=3.GEN-ACC East=ELA that 3=find-PST one flatland-ACC land-DEF=INE Shinar-GEN and 3=dwell-PST that.place |
+| ::: | ::: | And it happened during their journey from East that they found a plain in the land of Shinar and they dwelled there. |
+| 3 | Zîgil tagashnuz ash iskûr, "Skât, gâkh krampat thlarish agh mazgatul girkharz". Tabrusuz thlarish gundûr agh tabrusuz thûfish raukûr. | That.time 3=say-PST one another-DAT, "Come, let's make-GERV brick-ACC and bake-GERV=3.OBJ care-ADV." 3=have brick-ACC stone-DAT agh 3=have tar-ACC mortar-DAT |
 | ::: | ::: | Then they said one to another, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them carefully." They had brick for stone, and they had tar for mortar. |
-| 4 | Agh tagashnuz, "Skât, gâkh tumbut îmirzi ash goish, agh ash lugish amashob kulâ dîlg nûtumor; gâkh kramput ash îzish îmûr, narkulat bûsnaga palarz thakumti uzgumobûk dazûr" | And 3=say-PST, "Come, let's build-INF self-INS one city-ACC, and one tower-ACC which-GEN be-3SG roof sky-DEF-INE; let's make-INF one name-ACC self-DAT, NEG-be-GERV scatter-PTCP.PST.PASS broad-ADV face-DEF=over land-DEF-GEN=all 1-DAT" |
+| 4 | Agh tagashnuz, "Skât, gâkh tumbat îmirzi ash goish, agh ash lugish amashob kulâ dîlg nûtumor; gâkh krampat ash îzish îmûr, narkulat bûsnaga planarz thakumti uzgumobûk dazûr" | And 3=say-PST, "Come, let's build-GERV self-INS one city-ACC, and one tower-ACC which-GEN be-3SG roof sky-DEF-INE; let's make-GERV one name-ACC self-DAT, NEG-be-GERV scatter-PTCP.PST.PASS broad-ADV face-DEF=over land-DEF-GEN=all 1-DAT" |
 | ::: | ::: | And they said, "Come, let us build (by) ourselves a city, and a tower whose roof is in the sky; let's make a name for ourselves, for us to be not scattered abroad over the face of the all the lands."  |
-| 5 | Ap poshuzâ Yahuah honat goish agh lugumish amash tumbuzû nond tarkob.(("nond tarkob" may be replaced with "tarknond")) | But descend-PST-3SG Yehovah see-GERV city-ACC and tower-DEF-ACC which build-PST-3PL sons human-GEN |
+| 5 | Ap dhutuzâ Yahuah honat goish agh lugumish amash tumbuzû nond tarkob.(("nond tarkob" may be replaced with "tarknond")) | But descend-PST-3SG Yehovah see-GERV city-ACC and tower-DEF-ACC which build-PST-3PL sons human-GEN |
 | ::: | ::: | But Jehovah descended to see city and the tower which sons of men had built. |
 | 6 | Agh gashnuzâ Yahuah, "Kogarz kulû tark-hai ash agh brusû ta ûk ash lâmish, agh kulâ za amash takrampuzîs; zilah narash kubâ falgûrz (tazûr) amashob takramputh. | And say-PST-3SG Jehovah, "Truly, be.PRES-3PL human(s) one and have-3PL they all one language-ACC, and be.PRES-3SG this what 3=do-PST-begin; now-ELA nothing be.FUT-3SG possible (they-DAT) what-GEN 3=do-be.going.to" |
-| ::: | ::: | And Jehovah said, "Truly humans are one and they all have one language, and this is what they began to do; hence(forth) nothing will be possible (for them) of what they are going to do" |
+| ::: | ::: | And Jehovah said, "Truly humans are one and they all have one language, and this is what they began to do; hence(forth) nothing will be possible (for them) of what they are going to do." |
-| 7 | Skât, gâkh poshut agh zîgin girzut lâmtabish, zârz tanarpâshub zâbrut gashnurmish ashob iskob". | Come, let's descend-INF and there mess-INF language=3.GEN-ACC, so.that 3=NEG-able-FUT understand-INF speak-NMLZ-ACC one-GEN another-GEN |
+| 7 | Skât, gâkh dhutat agh zîgin girzat lâmtabish, zârz tanarpâshub zâbrut gashnurmish ashob iskob". | Come, let's descend-GERV and there mess-GERV language=3.GEN-ACC, so.that 3=NEG-able-FUT understand-INF speak-NMLZ-ACC one-GEN another-GEN |
 | ::: | ::: | Come, let's descend and there confuse their language, so that they will not be able to understand speech of one another's." |
-| 8 | Zârz bûsnuzâtul Yahuah palarz zîginah thakumti uzgumobûk, agh tapuzguz tumbut goish | So scatter-PST-3SG-them Jehovah broad-ADV there-ELA face-DEF=over land-DEF-GEN=all, and 3=stop-PST build-INF city-ACC |
+| 8 | Zârz bûsnuzâtul Yahuah planarz zîginah thakumti uzgumobûk, agh tapuzguz tumbut goish | So scatter-PST-3SG-them Jehovah broad-ADV there-ELA face-DEF=over land-DEF-GEN=all, and 3=stop-PST build-INF city-ACC |
 | ::: | ::: | So Jehovah scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the lands, and they stopped to build city. |
-| 9 | Zîgilah za kulâ bugdag Bâbil, tûraga Yahuahirzi amash girzuzâ lâmumish uzgumobûk zîgin; agh bûsnuzâtul palarz thakumti uzgumobûk zîginah | That.time-ELA this be.PRES-3SG call-PTCP.PRES.PASS Babel, caused Jehovah-INS who mess-PST-3SG language-DEF-ACC lands-DEF-GEN=all there; and scatter-PST-3SG=3.OBJ broad-ADV face-DEF=over lands-DEF-GEN=all there-ELA |
+| 9 | Zîgilah kulâ Bâbil îztabish, taitaga Yahuahirzi amash girzuzâ lâmumish uzgumobûk zîgin; agh bûsnuzâtul planarz thakumti uzgumobûk zîginah | That.time-ELA Babel be.PRES-3SG name=3.GEN-ACC, caused Jehovah-INS who mess-PST-3SG language-DEF-ACC lands-DEF-GEN=all there; and scatter-PST-3SG=3.OBJ broad-ADV face-DEF=over lands-DEF-GEN=all there-ELA |
-| ::: | ::: | Thenceforth this is called Babel, caused by Jehovah, who messed the language of all the lands; and scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth from there. |
+| ::: | ::: | Thenceforth Babel is it's name,((any other translation would be much longer and/or require to put Babel into some grammatical case, which I wanted to avoid, as this name occurs only once in the text)) because of Jehovah, who messed the language of all the lands; and scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth from there. |
+This translation is not the only one correct, as there may be variations

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