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syntax_predicate [2022/02/11 23:53] – morgothsyntax_predicate [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ====== Predicate ====== ====== Predicate ======
-<WRAP center round important 60%><todo !!>Examples needed</todo></WRAP> 
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 **//Predicate//** is one of two main parts of sentence together with [[syntax_subject|subject]]. Predicate can express action or state of being. It is usually expressed by [[grammar_verb|verb]], which frequently used as synonym for term "predicate". However verb may be omitted in compound predicates (see below). [[syntax_subject|Subject]] and [[syntax_object|object]] are called //arguments// of predicate. One of arguments of an action is the //[[syntax_agent|agent]]// (which makes an action, usually subject) and the other one is the //[[syntax_patient|patient]]// (receiver, undergoer of action, usually object). **//Predicate//** is one of two main parts of sentence together with [[syntax_subject|subject]]. Predicate can express action or state of being. It is usually expressed by [[grammar_verb|verb]], which frequently used as synonym for term "predicate". However verb may be omitted in compound predicates (see below). [[syntax_subject|Subject]] and [[syntax_object|object]] are called //arguments// of predicate. One of arguments of an action is the //[[syntax_agent|agent]]// (which makes an action, usually subject) and the other one is the //[[syntax_patient|patient]]// (receiver, undergoer of action, usually object).
  
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 Predicate may consist of more than one word: Predicate may consist of more than one word:
   * Two or more verbs:   * Two or more verbs:
-    * [[modal_verbs|Modal verb]] and main verb (usually [[grammar_infinitive|infinitive]]): "Dragons can fly" = "Lûg __pâsh__û skoir__ut__"; +    * [[modal_verbs|Modal verb]] and main verb (usually [[grammar_infinitive|infinitive]]): "Dragons <wrap double_underline>can fly</wrap>" => "Lûg <wrap double_underline>pâshû skoir**ut**</wrap>"; 
-    * Verbs expressing state or phase of action like "begin" (= "îs-"), "become" (= "thôl-"), "stop" (= "puzg-") and others (called "light verb") together with main verb (in infinitive or gerundive): "He stopped to breathe" = "Ta__puzg__uz sûm__ut__";+    * Verbs expressing state or phase of action like "begin" (= "îs-"), "become" (= "thôl-"), "stop" (= "puzg-") and others (called "light verb") together with main verb (in infinitive or gerundive): "He <wrap double_underline>stopped to breathe</wrap>" = "Ta<wrap double_underline>puzguz sûm**ut**</wrap>"; 
 +    * their combination: "We <wrap double_underline>must try to survive</wrap>"  => "Dak<wrap double_underline>maug tuglut kibrut</wrap>"((please note, that English "try" is still counted as infinitive, particle "to" is not used with some modal verbs in English, while in Nûrlâm infinitive suffix //-ut// is added anyway))
   * Verb (usually "to be", often omitted in present tense) and nominal //predicative// (a part of predicate that is not a verb):   * Verb (usually "to be", often omitted in present tense) and nominal //predicative// (a part of predicate that is not a verb):
-    * [[grammar_noun|Noun]] or phrase with noun: "Witch-king of Angmar __is the ruler of Nazgûl__" = "Dusharn Onkmokhob __kulâ durbalum Nazgûlob__"; +    * [[grammar_noun|Noun]] in [[case_nominative|Nominative case]] or phrase with noun: "Witch-king of Angmar <wrap double_underline>is the ruler of Nazgûl</wrap>" => "Dusharn Onkmokhob <wrap double_underline>kulâ durbalum Nazgûlob</wrap>"; 
-    * [[grammar_adjective|Adjective]]: "Mordor __is beautiful__" = "Uzgbûrz __kulâ nîr__"; +    * [[grammar_adjective|Adjective]]: "Mordor <wrap double_underline>is beautiful</wrap>" => "Uzgbûrz <wrap double_underline>kulâ nîr</wrap>"; 
-    * [[pronouns|Pronoun]]: "Well, of course I know him. He__'s me__" = "Bhog, da îstan durtarz. Ta__kuliz__."; +    * [[pronouns|Pronoun]]: "Well, of course I know him. He<wrap double_underline>'s me</wrap>" => "Bhog, da îstan durtarz. Ta<wrap double_underline>kuliz</wrap>."; 
-    * [[grammar_participle|Participle]]: "He __was killed__ by elves" = "Ta__kuz dogaga__ golugirzi".+    * [[grammar_participle|Participle]]: "This ring <wrap double_underline>is stolen</wrap>" => "Za nazg <wrap double_underline>kul orskaga</wrap>".
  
 Second part of compound predicate should be not mixed with other parts of sentence, as it is semantically the main part. Compare "Food was good" where "was good" is predicate as whole, and "Good food was eaten" where "good" is [[syntax_determiner|determiner]] and predicate is "was eaten". Second part of compound predicate should be not mixed with other parts of sentence, as it is semantically the main part. Compare "Food was good" where "was good" is predicate as whole, and "Good food was eaten" where "good" is [[syntax_determiner|determiner]] and predicate is "was eaten".
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 ==== Negation in compound predicates ==== ==== Negation in compound predicates ====
 Negative participle "nar" is added to the modal or "light" verbs and not to the infinitive or predicative in expressions of negation. Examples: Negative participle "nar" is added to the modal or "light" verbs and not to the infinitive or predicative in expressions of negation. Examples:
-  * "I must not fear" = "Da__nar__maug ufurut"; +  * "I must not fear" => "Da__nar__maug ufurut"; 
-  * "He didn't stopped killing" = "Ta__nar__puzguz dogut"+  * "He didn't stopped killing" => "Ta__nar__puzguz dogut"
  
syntax_predicate.1644612809.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 15:31 (external edit)
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