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syntax_predicate [2022/01/23 13:11] – morgothsyntax_predicate [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ====== Predicate ====== ====== Predicate ======
-<WRAP center round important 60%><todo !!>Examples needed</todo></WRAP> 
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 **//Predicate//** is one of two main parts of sentence together with [[syntax_subject|subject]]. Predicate can express action or state of being. It is usually expressed by [[grammar_verb|verb]], which frequently used as synonym for term "predicate". However verb may be omitted in compound predicates (see below). [[syntax_subject|Subject]] and [[syntax_object|object]] are called //arguments// of predicate. One of arguments of an action is the //[[syntax_agent|agent]]// (which makes an action, usually subject) and the other one is the //[[syntax_patient|patient]]// (receiver, undergoer of action, usually object). **//Predicate//** is one of two main parts of sentence together with [[syntax_subject|subject]]. Predicate can express action or state of being. It is usually expressed by [[grammar_verb|verb]], which frequently used as synonym for term "predicate". However verb may be omitted in compound predicates (see below). [[syntax_subject|Subject]] and [[syntax_object|object]] are called //arguments// of predicate. One of arguments of an action is the //[[syntax_agent|agent]]// (which makes an action, usually subject) and the other one is the //[[syntax_patient|patient]]// (receiver, undergoer of action, usually object).
  
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 Predicate may consist of more than one word: Predicate may consist of more than one word:
   * Two or more verbs:   * Two or more verbs:
-    * [[modal_verbs|Modal verb]] and main verb (usually [[grammar_infinitive|infinitive]]); +    * [[modal_verbs|Modal verb]] and main verb (usually [[grammar_infinitive|infinitive]]): "Dragons <wrap double_underline>can fly</wrap>" => "Lûg <wrap double_underline>pâshû skoir**ut**</wrap>"; 
-    * Verbs expressing state or phase of action like "begin", "became", "stop" and others (called "light verb") together with main verb (in infinitive or gerundive).+    * Verbs expressing state or phase of action like "begin" (= "îs-"), "become" (= "thôl-"), "stop" (= "puzg-") and others (called "light verb") together with main verb (in infinitive or gerundive): "He <wrap double_underline>stopped to breathe</wrap>" = "Ta<wrap double_underline>puzguz sûm**ut**</wrap>"; 
 +    * their combination: "We <wrap double_underline>must try to survive</wrap>"  => "Dak<wrap double_underline>maug tuglut kibrut</wrap>"((please note, that English "try" is still counted as infinitive, particle "to" is not used with some modal verbs in English, while in Nûrlâm infinitive suffix //-ut// is added anyway))
   * Verb (usually "to be", often omitted in present tense) and nominal //predicative// (a part of predicate that is not a verb):   * Verb (usually "to be", often omitted in present tense) and nominal //predicative// (a part of predicate that is not a verb):
-    * [[grammar_noun|Noun]] or noun phrase ("Witch-king of Angmar is __ruler of nazgul__"); +    * [[grammar_noun|Noun]] in [[case_nominative|Nominative case]] or phrase with noun: "Witch-king of Angmar <wrap double_underline>is the ruler of Nazgûl</wrap>" => "Dusharn Onkmokhob <wrap double_underline>kulâ durbalum Nazgûlob</wrap>"; 
-    * [[grammar_adjective|Adjective]]; +    * [[grammar_adjective|Adjective]]: "Mordor <wrap double_underline>is beautiful</wrap>" => "Uzgbûrz <wrap double_underline>kulâ nîr</wrap>"; 
-    * Noun with adjective; +    * [[pronouns|Pronoun]]: "Well, of course I know him. He<wrap double_underline>'s me</wrap>" => "Bhog, da îstan durtarz. Ta<wrap double_underline>kuliz</wrap>."; 
-    * [[grammar_numerals|Numeral]], or numeral with noun; +    * [[grammar_participle|Participle]]: "This ring <wrap double_underline>is stolen</wrap>" => "Za nazg <wrap double_underline>kul orskaga</wrap>".
-    * [[pronouns|Pronoun]]; +
-    * [[grammar_participle|Participle]].+
  
 Second part of compound predicate should be not mixed with other parts of sentence, as it is semantically the main part. Compare "Food was good" where "was good" is predicate as whole, and "Good food was eaten" where "good" is [[syntax_determiner|determiner]] and predicate is "was eaten". Second part of compound predicate should be not mixed with other parts of sentence, as it is semantically the main part. Compare "Food was good" where "was good" is predicate as whole, and "Good food was eaten" where "good" is [[syntax_determiner|determiner]] and predicate is "was eaten".
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 ==== Negation in compound predicates ==== ==== Negation in compound predicates ====
 Negative participle "nar" is added to the modal or "light" verbs and not to the infinitive or predicative in expressions of negation. Examples: Negative participle "nar" is added to the modal or "light" verbs and not to the infinitive or predicative in expressions of negation. Examples:
-  * "I must not fear" = "Da__nar__maug ufurut" +  * "I must not fear" => "Da__nar__maug ufurut"; 
-  * "He didn't stopped killing" = "Ta__nar__puzguz dogut"+  * "He didn't stopped killing" => "Ta__nar__puzguz dogut"
  
syntax_predicate.1642932710.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 15:31 (external edit)
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