Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki

User Tools

Site Tools

Trace:
syntax_impersonal

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
syntax_impersonal [2021/07/10 00:40] – morgothsyntax_impersonal [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
Line 3: Line 3:
      
 The sentence, clause or verb are called **//impersonal//** when the [[syntax_subject|subject]] or [[syntax_agent|agent]] of action is absent. [[proform#indefinite_pro-forms_and_quantifiers|Indefinite pronoun]] and omitted "you" in imperatives are not considered as absent subject. In English subject of such expressions must be specified by dummy pronoun "it" (or less often "one": "One does not simply walk into Mordor"), but in [[Nûrlâm]] it is not necessary, or even ungrammatical. Impersonal sentences may have [[syntax_object|objects]] or [[syntax_patient|patients]]. Typical situations when impersonal clauses are used include: The sentence, clause or verb are called **//impersonal//** when the [[syntax_subject|subject]] or [[syntax_agent|agent]] of action is absent. [[proform#indefinite_pro-forms_and_quantifiers|Indefinite pronoun]] and omitted "you" in imperatives are not considered as absent subject. In English subject of such expressions must be specified by dummy pronoun "it" (or less often "one": "One does not simply walk into Mordor"), but in [[Nûrlâm]] it is not necessary, or even ungrammatical. Impersonal sentences may have [[syntax_object|objects]] or [[syntax_patient|patients]]. Typical situations when impersonal clauses are used include:
-  * Action is being done by force of nature or supernatural being: "He was blown away" => "Frîbuzâtan (bo)"((blow-PST-3SG=3SG.OBJ off));+  * Action is being done by force of nature or supernatural being: "He was blown away" => "Thûthuzâtan (bo)"((blow-PST-3SG=3SG.OBJ off));
   * Verb expresses the state of being (or it's transformation) of person or animal: "I feel cold" = "It's cold for me" => "Grazarz dazûr"((cold.ADV I.DAT)), compare with personal "I'm cold" => "Dakul graz" = "I'm (always) cold (to the touch of others)"   * Verb expresses the state of being (or it's transformation) of person or animal: "I feel cold" = "It's cold for me" => "Grazarz dazûr"((cold.ADV I.DAT)), compare with personal "I'm cold" => "Dakul graz" = "I'm (always) cold (to the touch of others)"
   * Verb expresses the state of weather ("to be" = "kul" may be omitted in present tense): "It's sunny" => "Dîlarz"; "It's getting darker" => "Thôlâ bûrzarzar";   * Verb expresses the state of weather ("to be" = "kul" may be omitted in present tense): "It's sunny" => "Dîlarz"; "It's getting darker" => "Thôlâ bûrzarzar";
Line 12: Line 12:
   * The verb in 3rd person singular (but 3rd person plural is possible if it's known that action was done by group of people or animals);   * The verb in 3rd person singular (but 3rd person plural is possible if it's known that action was done by group of people or animals);
   * [[syntax_predicate|Compound predicate]]: the verb "to be" ("kul" usually omitted), "to get" or "to become" (thôl) in required tense and 3rd person singular + [[grammar_adverb|adverb]] or [[syntax_adverbials|adverbial phrase]];   * [[syntax_predicate|Compound predicate]]: the verb "to be" ("kul" usually omitted), "to get" or "to become" (thôl) in required tense and 3rd person singular + [[grammar_adverb|adverb]] or [[syntax_adverbials|adverbial phrase]];
-  * Word "no" with some description, usually in dependent clauses: "No way!" => "Nararz", "He runs like __there is no tomorrow__" => "Takarg oth __nar ârshabob__". Usually it means that verb "to be" is omitted. Object of such sentences should be in [[case_genitive|genitive case]], but this rule is often ignored in colloquial speech;+  * Word "no" with some description, usually in dependent clauses: "No way!" => "Nararz", "He runs like __there is no tomorrow__" => "Takhîg oth __nar ârshabob__". Usually it means that verb "to be" is omitted. Object of such sentences should be in [[case_genitive|genitive case]], but this rule is often ignored in colloquial speech;
   * [[grammar_infinitive|Infinitive]] or [[grammar_gerundive|Gerundive]]: "Nothing to see here" => "Narash hon__ut__ zin" = "Narash honat zin" => "Nothing for seeing here", "(it's) Time to go" => "Il ukh__ut__" = "Il ukhat" => "Time for going", "It's not possible to not drink now" => "Narfalgarz narshog__at__ zil" (lit. "Not possible for not drinking at this time", may be transformed into personal with subject expressed by infinitive: "To not drink now is impossible" => "Narshogut zil kulâ narfalgarz");   * [[grammar_infinitive|Infinitive]] or [[grammar_gerundive|Gerundive]]: "Nothing to see here" => "Narash hon__ut__ zin" = "Narash honat zin" => "Nothing for seeing here", "(it's) Time to go" => "Il ukh__ut__" = "Il ukhat" => "Time for going", "It's not possible to not drink now" => "Narfalgarz narshog__at__ zil" (lit. "Not possible for not drinking at this time", may be transformed into personal with subject expressed by infinitive: "To not drink now is impossible" => "Narshogut zil kulâ narfalgarz");
   * [[modal_verbs|Modal verb]] with infinitive: "(One) may go" => "Ilfâ ukhut" = "It's allowed to go" => "Dabhuga ukhut"((see next point)) ;   * [[modal_verbs|Modal verb]] with infinitive: "(One) may go" => "Ilfâ ukhut" = "It's allowed to go" => "Dabhuga ukhut"((see next point)) ;
syntax_impersonal.1625866855.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 15:31 (external edit)
Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International
CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International Powered by PHP Valid HTML5 Valid CSS Driven by DokuWiki