Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki

User Tools

Site Tools

Trace:
syntax_absence

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
syntax_absence [2021/08/13 21:22] – morgothsyntax_absence [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
Line 2: Line 2:
 **//Expressions of absence//** may be counted as a subgroup of [[syntax_possession|expressions of possession]], but are [[syntax_negative|negated]]. They usually show that [[syntax_subject|subject]] do not possess the  [[syntax_object|object]] (which may be not a material object but an abstract quality). Absence in [[Nûrlâm]] may be expressed with three different constructions: **//Expressions of absence//** may be counted as a subgroup of [[syntax_possession|expressions of possession]], but are [[syntax_negative|negated]]. They usually show that [[syntax_subject|subject]] do not possess the  [[syntax_object|object]] (which may be not a material object but an abstract quality). Absence in [[Nûrlâm]] may be expressed with three different constructions:
   - Negated verb of possession + object in accusative case;   - Negated verb of possession + object in accusative case;
 +  - Negation of object in comitative case;
   - Object of possession becomes grammatical subject;   - Object of possession becomes grammatical subject;
   - Impersonal clause with object in genitive case (usually in subordinate sentences).   - Impersonal clause with object in genitive case (usually in subordinate sentences).
Line 8: Line 9:
 Typical verbs that express ownership in Nûrlâm are "tabz-" (to possess, to own) and "brus-" (to have [got]). To express absence they should be negated by prefix "nar-". This way looks like calque from English and is mostly used in colloquial speech. Example: "You have no power here!" = "Fi__**nar**brus__ bal zin!". Typical verbs that express ownership in Nûrlâm are "tabz-" (to possess, to own) and "brus-" (to have [got]). To express absence they should be negated by prefix "nar-". This way looks like calque from English and is mostly used in colloquial speech. Example: "You have no power here!" = "Fi__**nar**brus__ bal zin!".
  
-===== 2. Raising object to subject ===== +===== 2. Negation of comitative case ===== 
-Object of possession may be raised to grammatical subject the following way:+Straightforward translation of English preposition "without" is done by adding negative particle "nar" **after** postposition of [[case_comitative|comitative case]] "sha" (with). Example: "Fikul balshanar zin" = "You're without power here!" 
 + 
 +===== 3. Raising object to subject ===== 
 +Object of (lacked) possession may be raised to grammatical subject the following way:
   - Object is being put into nominative case, thus becoming the subject.    - Object is being put into nominative case, thus becoming the subject. 
   - Absence of possession is expressed by prefix "nar-" added to the verb "kul-" (to be) which is frequently omitted, thus often just by particle "nar".   - Absence of possession is expressed by prefix "nar-" added to the verb "kul-" (to be) which is frequently omitted, thus often just by particle "nar".
   - Subject of possession becomes grammatical object being put into [[case_comitative|comitative case]].   - Subject of possession becomes grammatical object being put into [[case_comitative|comitative case]].
-For example: "You have no power here!" = "Finarbrus bal zin!" => "Bal __**nar**(kulâ)__ (zin) fi__sha__!" (lit. "Power isn't (here) with you!")+For example: "You have no power here!" = "Finarbrus bal zin!" => "Bal __**nar**(kulâ)__ (zin) fi__sha__!" ("Balnarfisha", lit. "Power isn't (here) with you!")
  
-===== 3. Impersonal clauses ===== +===== 4. Impersonal clauses ===== 
-Impersonal clauses are used to translate English negative [[syntax_existential|existential clauses]] "there is/are no...":+[[syntax_impersonal|Impersonal clauses]] may be used to translate English negative [[syntax_existential|existential clauses]] "there is/are no...":
   - Dummy subject "there" is not used in Nûrlâm   - Dummy subject "there" is not used in Nûrlâm
   - The verb "to be" (kûl) is usually omitted in present tense   - The verb "to be" (kûl) is usually omitted in present tense
   - Object is put into [[case_genitive|genitive case]].   - Object is put into [[case_genitive|genitive case]].
-Example 1: "He runs like __there is no__ tomorrow" = "Takarg oth __nar__ ârshab__ob__". + 
-Example 2: "__Nar__ bal__ob__ fisha" = "There is no power with you!"+Example 1: "He runs like __there is no__ tomorrow" = "Takhîg oth __nar__ ârshab__ob__". 
 + 
 +Example 2((combined with variant 3)): "__Nar__ bal__ob__ fisha" = "There is no power with you!"
  
 <wrap info> </wrap>\_Please note, that English impersonal expressions of prohibition like "No way!" or "No smoking!" do not mean absence and are translated differently: "no way" = "nararz"((this is not how)) = "nardabhaga"((not allowed)), "no smoking" = "trim nardabhaga"((smoke is not allowed)). <wrap info> </wrap>\_Please note, that English impersonal expressions of prohibition like "No way!" or "No smoking!" do not mean absence and are translated differently: "no way" = "nararz"((this is not how)) = "nardabhaga"((not allowed)), "no smoking" = "trim nardabhaga"((smoke is not allowed)).
syntax_absence.1628878977.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 15:30 (external edit)
Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International
CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International Powered by PHP Valid HTML5 Valid CSS Driven by DokuWiki