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syntax_absence [2021/08/13 21:22] – morgoth | syntax_absence [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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**// | **// | ||
- Negated verb of possession + object in accusative case; | - Negated verb of possession + object in accusative case; | ||
+ | - Negation of object in comitative case; | ||
- Object of possession becomes grammatical subject; | - Object of possession becomes grammatical subject; | ||
- Impersonal clause with object in genitive case (usually in subordinate sentences). | - Impersonal clause with object in genitive case (usually in subordinate sentences). | ||
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Typical verbs that express ownership in Nûrlâm are " | Typical verbs that express ownership in Nûrlâm are " | ||
- | ===== 2. Raising object to subject ===== | + | ===== 2. Negation of comitative case ===== |
- | Object of possession may be raised to grammatical subject the following way: | + | Straightforward translation of English preposition " |
+ | |||
+ | ===== 3. Raising object to subject ===== | ||
+ | Object of (lacked) | ||
- Object is being put into nominative case, thus becoming the subject. | - Object is being put into nominative case, thus becoming the subject. | ||
- Absence of possession is expressed by prefix " | - Absence of possession is expressed by prefix " | ||
- Subject of possession becomes grammatical object being put into [[case_comitative|comitative case]]. | - Subject of possession becomes grammatical object being put into [[case_comitative|comitative case]]. | ||
- | For example: "You have no power here!" = " | + | For example: "You have no power here!" = " |
- | ===== 3. Impersonal clauses ===== | + | ===== 4. Impersonal clauses ===== |
- | Impersonal clauses | + | [[syntax_impersonal|Impersonal clauses]] may be used to translate English negative [[syntax_existential|existential clauses]] "there is/are no...": |
- Dummy subject " | - Dummy subject " | ||
- The verb "to be" (kûl) is usually omitted in present tense | - The verb "to be" (kûl) is usually omitted in present tense | ||
- Object is put into [[case_genitive|genitive case]]. | - Object is put into [[case_genitive|genitive case]]. | ||
- | Example 1: "He runs like __there is no__ tomorrow" | + | |
- | Example 2: " | + | Example 1: "He runs like __there is no__ tomorrow" |
+ | |||
+ | Example 2((combined with variant 3)): " | ||
<wrap info> </ | <wrap info> </ |