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lessons:adverbs_1 [2023/10/02 15:32] – created morgothlessons:adverbs_1 [2024/04/13 20:17] (current) – [New words] morgoth
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 ==== New words ==== ==== New words ====
 +  * lad (late) < adj. "late" -- time
   * raih (seldom, rarely) < adj. "rare" -- time, frequency   * raih (seldom, rarely) < adj. "rare" -- time, frequency
   * thil (often, frequently) < adj. "frequent" -- time, frequency   * thil (often, frequently) < adj. "frequent" -- time, frequency
 +  * tug (only, just) < adj. "single, only" -- frequency, manner
   * zârsh (today) < noun -- time   * zârsh (today) < noun -- time
  
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   * akt__ûrz__ (precise) => akt__arz__ (precisely) -- manner   * akt__ûrz__ (precise) => akt__arz__ (precisely) -- manner
   * durt (sure) => durt__arz__ (surely, of course) -- manner   * durt (sure) => durt__arz__ (surely, of course) -- manner
-  * hîs (fast, quick) => hîs__arz__ (quickly) -- manner+  * hîs (fast, quick) => hîs__arz__ (quickly, fast) -- manner 
 +  * kîb (to live) => kîb__arz__ (alive) -- manner
   * kog (true, real) => kog__arz__ (truly, really, actually, indeed) -- manner   * kog (true, real) => kog__arz__ (truly, really, actually, indeed) -- manner
  
 ===== Word order ===== ===== Word order =====
 The following rules are applied to position of adverbs in sentence: The following rules are applied to position of adverbs in sentence:
-  - if adverb modifies the verb, it should be placed **after** the verb and it's object: __the fire__ <wrap wavy_underline>quickly</wrap> <wrap double_underline>burns</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>the forest</wrap> => __ghâshum__ <wrap double_underline>ghâshâ</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>taum</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>hîsarz</wrap>;+  - if adverb modifies the verb, it should be placed **after** the verb //and// it's object: __the fire__ <wrap wavy_underline>quickly</wrap> <wrap double_underline>burns</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>the forest</wrap> => __ghâshum__ <wrap double_underline>ghâshâ</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>taum</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>hîsarz</wrap>;
   - if adverb modifies the adjective that precedes the noun, then adverb is placed **before** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline>very</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>old</wrap> __dirt__ => <wrap  dashed_underline>sharz</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>kû</wrap> __dug__;   - if adverb modifies the adjective that precedes the noun, then adverb is placed **before** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline>very</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>old</wrap> __dirt__ => <wrap  dashed_underline>sharz</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>kû</wrap> __dug__;
   - if adverb modifies the adjective that is placed after the noun, then adverb is placed **after** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline>really</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>hot</wrap> __water__ => __nîn__ <wrap wavy_underline>gashûrz</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>kogarz</wrap>;   - if adverb modifies the adjective that is placed after the noun, then adverb is placed **after** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline>really</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>hot</wrap> __water__ => __nîn__ <wrap wavy_underline>gashûrz</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>kogarz</wrap>;
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 ===== Exercise 1 ===== ===== Exercise 1 =====
 Translate from English into Nûrlâm: Translate from English into Nûrlâm:
 +  - bring the slaves alive
   - come together   - come together
-  - fly up +  - demons rarely fly 
 +  - elves eat only fruits and bread 
 +  - the man comes precisely 
 +  - the slayer often kills 
 +  - too hot dragon 
 +  - these eyes see a very scary orc 
 +  - warriors are resting today 
 +  - wraiths surely rule this tower 
 +<hidden show answers> 
 +  - thrak za snaga kîbarz 
 +  - skât sha 
 +  - rog skoirû raih 
 +  - golug throkhû gau agh mazg tug 
 +  - tarkum skâtâ aktarz 
 +  - dogum dogâ thil 
 +  - mag gashûrz lûg / lûg gashûrz mag 
 +  - za hont kinû ash sharz uf uruk / za hont kinû ash uruk uf sharz 
 +  - mau kâtû zârsh / mauh kâtû zârsh 
 +  - gûl durbû za lug durtarz  
 +</hidden> 
 +----------------------
 ===== Exercise 2 ===== ===== Exercise 2 =====
 Translate from Nûrlâm: Translate from Nûrlâm:
 +  - ash olog tûrz sharz
 +  - gazatum lorâ zârsh
 +  - golug throkhû âps raih
 +  - gûth udug mink mauh
 +  - kogarz bhog saub
 +  - tark gimbû hlum hîsarz
 +  - ukh tîr
 +  - urukum maukû sha
 +  - za shra skâtâ mag lad
 +  - za snaga kâtâ mag
  
 +<hidden show answers>
 +  - a very fat troll
 +  - the dwarf sleeps today
 +  - elves rarely eat meat
 +  - almost seven thousand warriors / nearly seven thousand warriors / almost 7000 warriors / nearly 7000 warriors
 +  - really good juice
 +  - humans quickly bring the clothes
 +  - go straight
 +  - orcs fight together
 +  - this person comes too late
 +  - this slave rests too much
 +</hidden>
 +----------------------
 ===== Exercise 3 ===== ===== Exercise 3 =====
-Make new adverb from adjectives you have learnt before:+Make new adverbs from adjectives you've learnt before: 
 + 
 +  - bad (fik) => badly 
 +  - good (bhog) => well 
 +  - heavy (bûrd) => heavily 
 +  - long (rodh) => [for a] long 
 +  - strong (bolg) => strongly 
 + 
 +<hidden show answers> 
 +  - fikarz 
 +  - bhogarz 
 +  - bûrdarz 
 +  - rodharz 
 +  - bolgarz 
 +</hidden> 
 +-------------------- 
 +===== See also ===== 
 +  * [[:lessons|All lessons]] 
 +  * [[:grammar_adverb|Grammar of adverbs]] 
 +  * [[:syntax_adverbials|Adverbials]] 
lessons/adverbs_1.1696249929.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/10/02 15:32 by morgoth
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