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- | ====== Descriptive words: Adverbs ====== | ||
- | Adverbs are the words that modify verbs (hence the name) and other descriptive words. Adverbs usually express location (place, space), time and frequency, manner. There are not many adverbs in Nûrlâm' | ||
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- | ==== New words ==== | ||
- | * dhu (down[wards], | ||
- | * ghu (above, up[wards]) -- place, direction | ||
- | * gûth (almost, nearly) -- manner | ||
- | * idh (out[wards]) -- place, direction | ||
- | * krut (back[wards], | ||
- | * mag (too [much]) -- manner | ||
- | * nokh (once, one time) -- time, frequency | ||
- | * sha (together) -- manner | ||
- | * sharz (very) -- manner | ||
- | * tîr (straight) -- direction | ||
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- | ===== Making adverbs from adjectives ===== | ||
- | Very few adverbs have the same form as adjectives (or other word classes): | ||
- | |||
- | ==== New words ==== | ||
- | * raih (seldom, rarely) < adj. " | ||
- | * thil (often, frequently) < adj. " | ||
- | * zârsh (today) < noun -- time | ||
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- | In majority of cases you need to add suffix **// | ||
- | |||
- | ==== New words ==== | ||
- | * akt__ûrz__ (precise) => akt__arz__ (precisely) -- manner | ||
- | * durt (sure) => durt__arz__ (surely, of course) -- manner | ||
- | * farkh (left) => farkh__arz__ (at the left, to the left) -- place, direction | ||
- | * forg (right) => forg__arz__ (at the right, to the right) -- place, direction | ||
- | * hîs (fast, quick) => hîs__arz__ (quickly) -- manner | ||
- | * kog (true, real) => kog__arz__ (truly, really, actually, indeed) -- manner | ||
- | * mûl (road, path) => mûl__arz__ (by the way) -- manner | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Word order ===== | ||
- | <WRAP center round todo 60%> | ||
- | <todo !!>too complex, too small vocabulary at this point to show all possibilities, | ||
- | </ | ||
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- | The following rules are applied to position of adverbs in sentence: | ||
- | - if adverb modifies the verb, it should be placed **after** the verb and it's object: __the fire__ <wrap wavy_underline> | ||
- | - if adverb modifies the adjective that precedes the noun, then adverb is placed **before** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline> | ||
- | - if adverb modifies the adjective that is placed after the noun, then adverb is placed **after** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline> | ||
- | - if adjective has a modifying adverb, it can**not** join the noun as a //clitic//: <wrap dashed_underline> | ||
- | - if several adverbs follow the same word, they are ordered as Place--Manner--Time: | ||
- | - if several adverbs precede the same word, they are ordered as Time--Manner--Place, | ||
- | - if there are too many adverbs describing the same verb, then some of them (usually referring exact time) may precede the subject, while others are placed after the verb. They should be ordered in the whole sentence as Time--Manner--Place, | ||
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- | ---------------------- | ||
- | ===== Exercise 1 ===== | ||