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interjections [2020/08/25 22:56] – morgoth | interjections [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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* responses (like " | * responses (like " | ||
* filler words (words that have meaning but being used to break the flow of speech absolutely unnecessary) | * filler words (words that have meaning but being used to break the flow of speech absolutely unnecessary) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Most of these applications are called [[syntax_parenthesis|parenthesis]] is syntax. | ||
In sum, this lexical category includes words belonging only to it, as well as other parts of speech (verbs, adverbs, nouns) when used as interjections. | In sum, this lexical category includes words belonging only to it, as well as other parts of speech (verbs, adverbs, nouns) when used as interjections. | ||
+ | --------------------------------------------------- | ||
===== Interjections in Tolkien' | ===== Interjections in Tolkien' | ||
The following unique interjections occur in The Lord of the Rings book throughout conversations of orcs: | The following unique interjections occur in The Lord of the Rings book throughout conversations of orcs: | ||
^ Interjection ^ Source ^ Meaning((mostly fan-made)) ^ | ^ Interjection ^ Source ^ Meaning((mostly fan-made)) ^ | ||
- | | garn | LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X | LOS: "go on!", "come on!" | | + | | ai | LOTR, TT, Book 3, Chapter III | LOS, HG: hey! | |
+ | | ar | LOTR, ROTK, Book 6, Chapter II | | | ||
+ | | garn | LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X and ROTK, Book 6, Chapter II | LOS: "go on!", "come on!" | ||
+ | | hai | LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X | | | ||
+ | | harri | TH, Chapter VI and LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X | | | ||
+ | | hoi | TH, Chapter VI and LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X | | | ||
+ | | hola | LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X | | | ||
| nar | LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X | AN: transformed into negative particle " | | nar | LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X | AN: transformed into negative particle " | ||
| sha | [[Orcish curse]] | the meaning was changed into preposition " | | sha | [[Orcish curse]] | the meaning was changed into preposition " | ||
| skai | [[Orcish curse]] | TK: " | | skai | [[Orcish curse]] | TK: " | ||
+ | | ya | TH, Chapter VI and LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X | | | ||
+ | | yoi | LOTR, TT, Book 4, Chapter X | | | ||
Please note that meanings of these words were extrapolated by fans, not by Tolkien himself, who left them untranslated. | Please note that meanings of these words were extrapolated by fans, not by Tolkien himself, who left them untranslated. | ||
+ | There are also some universal interjections attested, like " | ||
+ | |||
+ | --------------------------------------------- | ||
===== Interjections in Neo Black Speech ===== | ===== Interjections in Neo Black Speech ===== | ||
- | The following interjections were added in various Neo Black Speech | + | The following interjections were added in various |
^ Interjection ^ Dialect ^ Translation ^ | ^ Interjection ^ Dialect ^ Translation ^ | ||
- | | ai | LOS, HG | hey! | | + | | akh | LOS | " |
+ | | bhog | HG > LOS | "all right!", " | ||
| brosh | SV, all major dialects | hi!, hey!, hello! | | | brosh | SV, all major dialects | hi!, hey!, hello! | | ||
- | | ferk | SV | SV: " | + | | ferk | SV | SV: " |
- | | gâkh | AN, all major dialects | "let it be", "may it be so", " | + | | gâkh | AN, all major dialects | "let it be", "may it be so", " |
| hûz | SV > HG, ZA | "look out!", "watch out!" | | | hûz | SV > HG, ZA | "look out!", "watch out!" | | ||
- | | mar | LOS (LUG) | " | + | | mar | LOS (LUG) | " |
- | | ne | SV | " | + | | ne | SV | " |
| urk | LOS | damn! | | | urk | LOS | damn! | | ||
- | | zâgîra | SV > LOS | " | + | | zâgîra | SV > LOS | " |