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case_genitive [2021/08/18 20:17] – [Genitive versus Ablative and Elative case] morgothcase_genitive [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ===== Functions of Genitive case ===== ===== Functions of Genitive case =====
 Typical functions of Genitive case in [[Nûrlâm]] include: Typical functions of Genitive case in [[Nûrlâm]] include:
-  * Possession or ownership (//Possessive case//), both alienable (current, temporary) and inalienable (permanent): compare "orc's knife" (= "karm uruk__ob__") with "orc's head" (= "kaz uruk__ob__");+  * Possession or ownership (//Possessive case//), both alienable (current, temporary) and inalienable (permanent): compare "orc's knife" (= "kirm uruk__ob__") with "orc's head" (= "kaz uruk__ob__");
   * Origin or ancestry (pure Genitive): "orcs of Mordor" = "uruk Uzgbûrz__ob__";   * Origin or ancestry (pure Genitive): "orcs of Mordor" = "uruk Uzgbûrz__ob__";
   * Relationship of objects ("orc's father" = "krank uruk__ob__");   * Relationship of objects ("orc's father" = "krank uruk__ob__");
   * Description or explanation of noun with another noun ("night of sorcery" = "fugh dush__ob__", "city of Gondor" = "goi Gunduzg__ob__"), usually replaced with compound word ("dushfugh");   * Description or explanation of noun with another noun ("night of sorcery" = "fugh dush__ob__", "city of Gondor" = "goi Gunduzg__ob__"), usually replaced with compound word ("dushfugh");
-  * Material or source ("knife made of steel" = "karm krampuga yazg__ob__"); +  * Material or source ("knife made of steel" = "kirm krampuga yazg__ob__"); 
-  * Reason ("I'm tired of hard work" = "Dafrâtuz snagum__ob__", "He died of disease" = "Tamatuz gâm__ob__")+  * Reason ("I'm tired of hard work" = "Dakûbruz snagum__ob__", "He died of disease" = "Tamatuz gôm__ob__")
   * Forensic/Judical Genitive (Latin "Genitivus forensis", "Genitivus criminis"): "accusation of murder" = "slogurm dogurm__ob__";   * Forensic/Judical Genitive (Latin "Genitivus forensis", "Genitivus criminis"): "accusation of murder" = "slogurm dogurm__ob__";
   * with verbal nouns and participles:   * with verbal nouns and participles:
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     * element of set: "group of men" = "shalk tark__ob__", "gang of orcs" = "lurg uruk__ob__";     * element of set: "group of men" = "shalk tark__ob__", "gang of orcs" = "lurg uruk__ob__";
     * part of bigger object: "a piece of meat" = "ash naht âps__ob__", "a sip of water" = "ash akr nîn__ob__";     * part of bigger object: "a piece of meat" = "ash naht âps__ob__", "a sip of water" = "ash akr nîn__ob__";
-    * substance: "wheel of cheese" = "kirn gurth__ob__", "loaf of bread" = "gurn mazg__ob__", "barrel of ale" = "lik hîmb__ob__";+    * substance: "wheel of cheese" = "kirn gurth__ob__", "loaf of bread" = "gurn mazg__ob__", "barrel of ale" = "kralt hîmb__ob__";
     * fractions: "half of orcs" = "pir uruk__ob__", "one third of fruits" = "ash krigûrz gau__b__";     * fractions: "half of orcs" = "pir uruk__ob__", "one third of fruits" = "ash krigûrz gau__b__";
-    * set or exact quantity: "three of orcs" = "krig uruk__ob__"((three orcs of larger group, compare with "krig uruk", just 3 orcs or there are totally 3 orcs present)), "pair of shoes" = "pur frag__ob__"; +    * set or exact quantity: "three of orcs" = "krig uruk__ob__"((three orcs of larger group, compare with "krig uruk", just 3 orcs or there are totally 3 orcs present)), "pair of shoes" = "pur shkab__ob__"; 
-    * together with [[proform|indefinite pronouns]] and quantifiers to mark uncertain number from zero to all members of set/group: "many of them" = "mak tak__ob__", "none of orcs" = "nar uruk__ob__", "most of men" = "marm tark__ob__", "all of elves" = "ûk golug__ob__", "some of fruits" = "mûd gau__b__";+    * together with [[proform|indefinite pronouns]] and quantifiers to mark uncertain number from zero to all members of set/group: "many of them" = "mak tak__ob__", "none of orcs" = "nar uruk__ob__", "most of men" = "marm tark__ob__", "all of elves" = "ûk golug__ob__", "some of fruits" = "mûd gau__b__". May be omitted if noun already has possessive modifier: "many (of) our warriors" = "mak maub dakob" = "mak maudakob".
   * to mark objects of certain verbs;   * to mark objects of certain verbs;
   * with certain [[adpositions]] ("ik", "it", "ithu", "îzan");   * with certain [[adpositions]] ("ik", "it", "ithu", "îzan");
case_genitive.1629307074.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 14:46 (external edit)
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