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**//Dative case//** ([[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as DAT) is a grammatical [[grammar_case|case]] used to indicate recipient or purpose of an action. In [[Nûrlâm]] it is marked by [[adpositions|postposition]] //-ûr// for [[declension_classes|declension]] class I or //-zûr// for declension class II. It's usually translated into English with prepositions " | **//Dative case//** ([[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as DAT) is a grammatical [[grammar_case|case]] used to indicate recipient or purpose of an action. In [[Nûrlâm]] it is marked by [[adpositions|postposition]] //-ûr// for [[declension_classes|declension]] class I or //-zûr// for declension class II. It's usually translated into English with prepositions " | ||
* denotes // | * denotes // | ||
- | * //Dative of purpose// - object of verb denotes purpose of an action: "Fight for your life!" = "Ush kîbgib__ûr__", | + | * //Dative of purpose// |
- | * //Dative of benefit// (or harm) - object of verb will take advantage (or disadvantage) of an action: "He left the ring for himself" | + | * Dative of purpose in English expressions with preposition " |
- | * //Dative of agent// - object of //active// verb is the [[syntax_agent|agent]] of an action, usually with verbs concerning sight (look, seem) and sometimes other feelings, specially in impersonal sentences (where it replaces subject). "It looks fine to me" = " | + | * //Dative of benefit// (or harm) -- object of verb will take advantage (or disadvantage) of an action: "He left the ring for himself" |
- | * direct object of certain verbs (e.g. "lûp-" = "to pray") usually to indicate recipient of addressed action; | + | * //Dative of agent// |
+ | * direct object of certain verbs (e.g. "has-" = "to pray") usually to indicate recipient of addressed action; | ||
* direct object in [[syntax_impersonal|impersonal constructions]] (connected to dative of benefit and dative of agent). "It will be painful to him" = " | * direct object in [[syntax_impersonal|impersonal constructions]] (connected to dative of benefit and dative of agent). "It will be painful to him" = " | ||
Dative case suffix //-ûr// is **not** used in Nûrlâm to translate English preposition " | Dative case suffix //-ûr// is **not** used in Nûrlâm to translate English preposition " | ||
- | * Purpose is expressed with verb, gerund or complex sentence - Gerundive is used instead: "Fight for gaining the glory" = "Tad gambat | + | * Purpose is expressed with verb, gerund or complex sentence |
- | * " | + | * " |
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===== Dative-Allative ===== | ===== Dative-Allative ===== | ||
In English (and some other languages as well) dative case is mixed with [[case_locative# | In English (and some other languages as well) dative case is mixed with [[case_locative# |