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case_comitative [2021/08/14 13:05] morgothcase_comitative [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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   * to mark two patients of an action: "Put Uglûk together with stinking Saruman-filth into the dung-pit" = "Gaith Uglûk Saruman-glob__sha__ pushdug bagronkishi" (see also [[orcish curse]]);   * to mark two patients of an action: "Put Uglûk together with stinking Saruman-filth into the dung-pit" = "Gaith Uglûk Saruman-glob__sha__ pushdug bagronkishi" (see also [[orcish curse]]);
   * invitation to do an action together: "Go with me" = "ukh da__sha__", "sing with us" = "lash dak__sha__";   * invitation to do an action together: "Go with me" = "ukh da__sha__", "sing with us" = "lash dak__sha__";
-  * to mark that object is filled with another objects of substance: "barrel with fish" = "lik skab__sha__", sometimes may be replaced with [[case_genitive|genitive case]]: "barrel of ale" = "lik hîmbob";+  * to mark the object that is [[syntax_possession|possessed]] by subject or another object: "orc with a knife" = "uruk kirm__sha__"  
 +  * to mark that object is filled with another objects of substance: "barrel with fish" = "kralt skab__sha__", sometimes may be replaced with [[case_genitive|genitive case]]: "barrel of ale" = "kralt hîmbob";
   * to describe absence of object together with negative particle "nar" added //after// "-sha": "rain without end" = "miz nau__shanar__";   * to describe absence of object together with negative particle "nar" added //after// "-sha": "rain without end" = "miz nau__shanar__";
   * to describe the subject or object with another noun, that is (not) it's part: "Kolk kulâ zân unral__sha__nar" = "Beaker is mug without handle";   * to describe the subject or object with another noun, that is (not) it's part: "Kolk kulâ zân unral__sha__nar" = "Beaker is mug without handle";
   * to describe that action is done with (or without) some emotion or quality: "Dog bal__sha__" = "Kill with power", "Kîb borz __sha__" = "Live peacefully", "Mauk gorm__sha__nar" = "To fight without honor";   * to describe that action is done with (or without) some emotion or quality: "Dog bal__sha__" = "Kill with power", "Kîb borz __sha__" = "Live peacefully", "Mauk gorm__sha__nar" = "To fight without honor";
-  * to mark the object that is present/absent very closely to the subject: "Tabrus ash karm îm__sha__" = "He has a knife with him(self)"; +  * to mark the object that is present/absent very closely to the subject: "Tabrus ash kirm îm__sha__" = "He has a knife with him(self)"; 
-  * to mark grammatical object that has grammatical subject in close proximity: "Karm (kulâ) ta__sha__" = "Knife is with him";+  * to mark grammatical object that has grammatical subject in close proximity: "Kirm (kulâ) ta__sha__" = "Knife is with him";
   * with certain verbs, usually concerning speech with multiple objects (similar to second point): "he talks with orcs" = "tashugb uruk__sha__"; but "Tagashnuz uruk**ûr** zamash ..." ([[case_dative|Dative]] case) = "he told (to) orcs that ...";   * with certain verbs, usually concerning speech with multiple objects (similar to second point): "he talks with orcs" = "tashugb uruk__sha__"; but "Tagashnuz uruk**ûr** zamash ..." ([[case_dative|Dative]] case) = "he told (to) orcs that ...";
   * marks simultaneous action if time is expressed with noun or pronoun: "Trolls turn to stone with dawn" = "Olog-hai ragû gundishi ânsh-__sha__"   * marks simultaneous action if time is expressed with noun or pronoun: "Trolls turn to stone with dawn" = "Olog-hai ragû gundishi ânsh-__sha__"
case_comitative.1628935525.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 14:46 (external edit)