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--- tengwar [2022/04/01 23:02] – [Tengwar] morgoth
+++ tengwar [2024/02/13 16:35] (current) – [Transcribers] morgoth
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
   * while Glǽmscribe is the most accurate one for most purposes, it uses Quenya spelling for diphtongs in Black Speech mode for some reason (instead of Sindarin or Westron);
-So the best option is to transcribe the text with tool, but then correct it manually for better look and accuracy. For Black Speech mode there is a dedicated transcriber named [[http://blackspeech.ru/new/index.php?page=4|BSSScribe]].
+So the best option is to transcribe the text with tool, but then correct it manually for better look and accuracy. For Black Speech mode there is a dedicated transcriber named [[http://blackspeech.ru/transcriber/index.php|BSSScribe]].
 -----------------------------
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 ^  3\\ (voiceless fricatives) |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>3</wrap> <wrap tengware>3</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>3</wrap> <wrap tengwara>3</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[θ] (th, þ)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>3</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>súle, súlë, thúle ("spirit")</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>e</wrap> <wrap tengware>e</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>e</wrap> <wrap tengwara>e</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[f]</wrap>\\ <wrap key>e</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>formen ("North")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>d</wrap> <wrap tengware>d</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>d</wrap> <wrap tengwara>d</wrap></wrap>\\ [ʃ] (sh)\\ <wrap key>d</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>aha ("rage")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by AT)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>c</wrap> <wrap tengware>c</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>c</wrap> <wrap tengwara>c</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[x] (kh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>c</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>hwesta ("breeze")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |
 ^  3*\\ (voiceless fricatives\\ after vowels\\ or aspirated\\ voiceless plosives) |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>!</wrap> <wrap tengware>!</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>!</wrap> <wrap tengwara>!</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[θ], [tʰ] (th)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>**!** (Shift + 1)</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by AT)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>Q</wrap> <wrap tengware>Q</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>Q</wrap> <wrap tengwara>Q</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[f], [pʰ] (f)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>Q</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>A</wrap> <wrap tengware>A</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>A</wrap> <wrap tengwara>A</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ʃ] (sh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>A</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>Z</wrap> <wrap tengware>Z</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>Z</wrap> <wrap tengwara>Z</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[x], [kʰ] (kh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>Z</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |
-^  4\\ (voiced fricatives) |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>4</wrap> <wrap tengware>4</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>4</wrap> <wrap tengwara>4</wrap></wrap>((currenly not attested in Nûrlâm dictionary, only in after-vowel version 4*))\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ð] (dh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>4</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>anto ("mouth")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>r</wrap> <wrap tengware>r</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>r</wrap> <wrap tengwara>r</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[β] (bh), [v]((only in Svartiska))</wrap>\\ <wrap key>r</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>ampa ("hook")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>f</wrap> <wrap tengware>f</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>f</wrap> <wrap tengwara>f</wrap></wrap>((currenly not attested in Nûrlâm dictionary, only in after-vowel version 4*))\\ <wrap teng_snd :en>[ʒ] (zh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>f</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>anca ("jaws")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>v</wrap> <wrap tengware>v</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>v</wrap> <wrap tengwara>v</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ɣ]
+^  4\\ (voiced fricatives) |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>4</wrap> <wrap tengware>4</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>4</wrap> <wrap tengwara>4</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ð] (dh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>4</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>anto ("mouth")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>r</wrap> <wrap tengware>r</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>r</wrap> <wrap tengwara>r</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[β] (bh), [v]((only in Svartiska))</wrap>\\ <wrap key>r</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>ampa ("hook")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>f</wrap> <wrap tengware>f</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>f</wrap> <wrap tengwara>f</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd :en>[ʒ] (zh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>f</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>anca ("jaws")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>v</wrap> <wrap tengware>v</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>v</wrap> <wrap tengwara>v</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ɣ]
  (gh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>v</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>unque ("a hollow")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by AT)</wrap>  |
 ^  4*\\ (voiced fricatives\\ after vowels\\ or aspirated\\ voiced plosives) |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>@</wrap> <wrap tengware>@</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>@</wrap> <wrap tengwara>@</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ð], [dʰ] (dh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>@ (Shift + 2)</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>W</wrap> <wrap tengware>W</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>W</wrap> <wrap tengwara>W</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[β], [bʰ] (bh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>W</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>S</wrap> <wrap tengware>S</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>S</wrap> <wrap tengwara>S</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd :en>[ʒ] (zh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>S</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>X</wrap> <wrap tengware>X</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>X</wrap> <wrap tengwara>X</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ɣ], [gʰ] (gh)</wrap>\\ <wrap key>X</wrap>  |
 ^  5\\ (nasals) |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>5</wrap> <wrap tengware>5</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>5</wrap> <wrap tengwara>5</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[n]</wrap>\\ <wrap key>5</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>númen ("West")</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>t</wrap> <wrap tengware>t</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>t</wrap> <wrap tengwara>t</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[m]</wrap>\\ <wrap key>t</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>malta ("gold")</wrap>  |  <wrap gray>(not used in BS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>b</wrap> <wrap tengware>b</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>b</wrap> <wrap tengwara>b</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ŋ]((only after vowels in final //-ng//, Nûrlâm author suggests using <wrap tengware>xP</wrap> - nasal marker after g))</wrap>\\ <wrap key>b</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>nwalme, ñwalme\\  ("torment")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |
-^  6\\ ("weak") |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>6</wrap> <wrap tengware>6</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>6</wrap> <wrap tengwara>6</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[r]</wrap> (before consonants,\\ word-finally)((please note that Mans Bjorkman's interpretation at Amanye Tenceli in Black Speech mode is wrong))\\ <wrap key>6</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>óre ("heart")</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>y</wrap> <wrap tengware>y</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>y</wrap> <wrap tengwara>y</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[w]</wrap> ((only in diphtong //au// and in Quenya-borrowed words with //qu//))\\ <wrap key>y</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>vala ("angelic power")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>h</wrap> <wrap tengware>h</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>h</wrap> <wrap tengwara>h</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[j]</wrap> ((only in diphtongs //ai// and //oi//))\\ <wrap key>h</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>anna ("gift")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by AT)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>n</wrap> <wrap tengware>n</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>n</wrap> <wrap tengwara>n</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ʔ] ((glottal stop, unnecessary for Standard Nûrlâm, but may be used in some subdialects))</wrap>\\ <wrap key>n</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>vilya ("sky")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(suggested by DSS)</wrap>  |
+^  6\\ ("weak") |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>6</wrap> <wrap tengware>6</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>6</wrap> <wrap tengwara>6</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ʁ/ɹ]</wrap> (r before consonants,\\ word-finally)((please note that Mans Bjorkman's interpretation at Amanye Tenceli in Black Speech mode is unclear))\\ <wrap key>6</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>óre ("heart")</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>y</wrap> <wrap tengware>y</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>y</wrap> <wrap tengwara>y</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[
+ʊ/w]</wrap> ((only in diphtong //au// and in Quenya-borrowed words with //qu//))\\ <wrap key>y</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>vala ("angelic power")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>h</wrap> <wrap tengware>h</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>h</wrap> <wrap tengwara>h</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ɪ/j]</wrap> ((only in diphtongs //ai// and //oi//))\\ <wrap key>h</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>anna ("gift")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by AT)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>n</wrap> <wrap tengware>n</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>n</wrap> <wrap tengwara>n</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ʔ] ((glottal stop, unnecessary for Standard Nûrlâm, but may be used in some subdialects))</wrap>\\ <wrap key>n</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>vilya ("sky")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(suggested by DSS)</wrap>  |
 ^  Additional Tengwar  ^^^^^
-^ |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>7</wrap> <wrap tengware>7</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>7</wrap> <wrap tengwara>7</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[r]</wrap> (before vowel,\\ word-initially)((please note that Mans Bjorkman's interpretation at Amanye Tenceli in Black Speech mode is wrong))\\ <wrap key>7</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>rómen ("East")</wrap>  |  <wrap gray>(not used in BS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>j</wrap> <wrap tengware>j</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>j</wrap> <wrap tengwara>j</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[l]</wrap>\\ <wrap key>j</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>lambe ("tongue")</wrap>  |  <wrap gray>(not used in BS)</wrap>  |
+^ |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>7</wrap> <wrap tengware>7</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>7</wrap> <wrap tengwara>7</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[ʀ/r]</wrap> (r before vowels,\\ word-initially)((please note that Mans Bjorkman's interpretation at Amanye Tenceli in Black Speech mode is unclear))\\ <wrap key>7</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>rómen ("East")</wrap>  |  <wrap gray>(not used in BS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>j</wrap> <wrap tengware>j</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>j</wrap> <wrap tengwara>j</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[l]</wrap>\\ <wrap key>j</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>lambe ("tongue")</wrap>  |  <wrap gray>(not used in BS)</wrap>  |
 ^ |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>8</wrap> <wrap tengware>8</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>8</wrap> <wrap tengwara>8</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>*</wrap> <wrap tengware>*</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>*</wrap> <wrap tengwara>*</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[s]</wrap> (after consonant)\\ <wrap key>8</wrap> or <wrap key>* (Shift + 8)</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>silme\\ ("[star, silver] light")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by AT)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>i</wrap> <wrap tengware>i</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>i</wrap> <wrap tengwara>i</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>I</wrap> <wrap tengware>I</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>I</wrap> <wrap tengwara>I</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[s]</wrap> (after vowel)\\ <wrap key>i</wrap> or <wrap key>I</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>silme nuquerna\\ ("silme reversed")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>k</wrap> <wrap tengware>k</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>k</wrap> <wrap tengwara>k</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>K</wrap> <wrap tengware>K</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>K</wrap> <wrap tengwara>K</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[z]</wrap> (after consonant)\\ <wrap key>k</wrap> or <wrap key>K</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>essë ("name"), áre, áze\\ (sunlight)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>,</wrap> <wrap tengware>,</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>,</wrap> <wrap tengwara>,</wrap></wrap>\\  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengware>%%<%%</wrap> <wrap tengwara>%%<%%</wrap></wrap> ((alternative variant do not present in all fonts))\\ <wrap teng_snd>[z]</wrap> (after vowel)\\ <wrap key>,</wrap> or <wrap key>%%<%%</wrap>((not in all fonts))\\ <wrap teng_name>essë/áre/áze nuquerna\\ ("essë reversed")</wrap>  |
 ^ |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>9</wrap> <wrap tengware>9</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>9</wrap> <wrap tengwara>9</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[h]</wrap>\\ <wrap key>9</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>hyarmen ("South")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS and AT)</wrap>  |  <wrap gray>(not used in BS)</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq>l</wrap> <wrap tengware>l</wrap> <wrap tengwarn>l</wrap> <wrap tengwara>l</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap teng_snd>[j]</wrap> (y only before vowels)\\ <wrap key>l</wrap>\\ <wrap teng_name>yanta ("bridge")</wrap>\\ <wrap gray>(extrapolated by DSS)</wrap>  |  <wrap gray>(not used in BS)</wrap>  |
@@ Line 91: / Line 92: @@
 ^  "bars",\\ "strokes"|  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq><wrap ghost>z</wrap>[</wrap> <wrap tengware><wrap ghost>z</wrap>[</wrap> <wrap tengwarn><wrap ghost>z</wrap>[</wrap> <wrap tengwara><wrap ghost>z</wrap>[</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap key>[</wrap>  |  <wrap tengwar_entry2><wrap tengwarq><wrap ghost>x</wrap>{</wrap> <wrap tengware><wrap ghost>x</wrap>{</wrap> <wrap tengwarn><wrap ghost>x</wrap>{</wrap> <wrap tengwara><wrap ghost>x</wrap>{</wrap></wrap>\\ <wrap key>{</wrap>  |
-"Following //s//" tehtar is not described here because the only possible consonant cluster in Nûrlâm with it is //ps// which occurs only in Quenya-borrowed words, there is no genuine Black Speech or Orkish words with such cluster. And besides this, it is very tricky for smooth rendering with old tengwar fonts.
+"Following //s//" tehtar is not described here because the only possible consonant cluster in Nûrlâm with it is //ps// which occurs only in Quenya-borrowed words, there are no genuine Black Speech or Orkish words with such cluster. It makes sense to use so-called "za-rince" hook in very frequent adjective ending //-ûrz//, but these hooks are not supported in Unicode fonts. And besides these points, all hooks are very tricky for smooth rendering with old tengwar fonts.
 ==== Vowels ====
@@ Line 171: / Line 172: @@
 <WRAP tengware>x^jz<wrap tengwarea>Y</wrap>`Nwx#7zpUd`CqA^2x^87Et^5#xjw&ww<wrap tengwarea>^</wrap>9A&8zhD</WRAP>
-There are 38 tengwar and 7 tehtar used in Nûrlâm (//vilya// not included), short roots and agglutination leading to repetitive grammar markers, together make composing a short [[wp>pangram|pangram]] a hard task. Current example contains of 59 tengwar (~1.5x longer than perfect pangram would be, but partially due to repetition of grammatical suffixes):
+There are 38 tengwar and 7 tehtar used in Nûrlâm (//vilya// not included), short roots and agglutination leading to repetitive grammar markers, together make composing a short [[wp>pangram|pangram]] a hard task. Current example consists of 59 tengwar (~1.5x longer than perfect pangram would be, but partially due to repetition of grammatical suffixes):
 <WRAP center round todo 60%>
 <todo>revisit pangram when dictionary will be larger</todo>
@@ Line 189: / Line 190: @@
 ==== Transcribers ====
-  * [[http://blackspeech.ru/new/index.php?page=4|BSSScribe]] -- Nûrlâm's official transcriber (see also [[bssscribe|documentation page]])
+  * [[http://blackspeech.ru/transcriber/index.php|BSSScribe]] -- Nûrlâm's official transcriber (see also [[bssscribe|documentation page]])
   * [[https://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/glaemscribe.html|Glǽmscribe – The Tolkien language transcriber]] -- supports also Cirth and Sarati!
   * [[http://mimas.ceti.pl/tengwar/ott/start.php?l=en|Online Tengwar Transcriber]] ([[http://tengwar.art.pl/tengwar/ott/start.php?l=en|mirror]])
   * [[https://www.tecendil.com/|Tecendil]] -- the most popular online transcriber
-  * [[http://at.mansbjorkman.net/tengscribe.htm|TengScribe]] (The Tengwar Scribe -- the oldest tool for writing Tengwar)
+  * [[https://at.boktypografen.se/tengscribe.htm|TengScribe]] (The Tengwar Scribe -- the oldest tool for writing Tengwar)
   * [[http://linux.fjfi.cvut.cz/~nemec/tengwar/|YaTT - Yet another Tengwar Tool]] (may be installed on Linux via package managers)

Nûrlâm –Black Speech dialect wiki

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Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki