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syntax_negative [2021/07/10 13:56] – [Negation of nouns and pronouns] morgoth | syntax_negative [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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Negation was actively used in [[black_speech_dialects# | Negation was actively used in [[black_speech_dialects# | ||
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- | <WRAP center round alert 60%> | ||
- | This article is a draft | ||
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- | <todo !!!> | ||
- | </ | ||
===== Negation of verbs ===== | ===== Negation of verbs ===== | ||
- | Typically negation is used express falsity of statement as whole, which is achieved by negation of predicate. Prefix //nar-// then goes after clitic pronoun of subject (if the sentence has it) but before any other verbs' prefixes (e.g. in combination with interrogative prefix //mar-// in questions). If the predicate is complex (usually consisting of main verb or modal verb and the infinitive), | + | Typically negation is used express falsity of statement as whole, which is achieved by negation of predicate. Prefix //nar-// then goes after clitic pronoun of subject (if the sentence has it) but before any other verbs' prefixes (e.g. in combination with interrogative prefix //mar-// in questions). If the predicate is complex (usually consisting of " |
- | Negation is also needed in expressions of prohibitions closely related to directive modalities (most frequently with [[mood_imperative|imperative mood]]). For example "Do not touch it!" (= < | + | Negation is also needed in expressions of prohibitions closely related to directive modalities (most frequently with [[mood_imperative|imperative mood]]). For example "Do not touch it!" (= " |
===== Negation of nouns and pronouns ===== | ===== Negation of nouns and pronouns ===== | ||
- | Negation of nouns and personal pronouns is used when needed to show, that action in statement is not wrong or false itself, but specified subject or object were wrong. Compare | + | Negation of nouns and personal pronouns is used when needed to show, that action in statement is not wrong or false itself, but specified subject or object were wrong. Compare: |
- | <WRAP center round todo 60%> | + | |
- | <todo !!> | + | |
- | </ | + | |
^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ comments ^ | ^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ comments ^ | ||
| He didn't kill a dragon | Ta__nar__doguz ash lûg | verb negated, action didn't happen at all | | | He didn't kill a dragon | Ta__nar__doguz ash lûg | verb negated, action didn't happen at all | | ||
+ | | Dragon didn't kill him | Lûg __nar__doguzan | ::: | | ||
| He killed not a dragon (but ...) | Tadoguz __nar__ ash lûg (nân ...) | object negated, action happened, but with another object | | | He killed not a dragon (but ...) | Tadoguz __nar__ ash lûg (nân ...) | object negated, action happened, but with another object | | ||
+ | | Dragon killed not him (but ...) | Lûg doguz __nar__tash (nân ... ) | ::: | | ||
| (It's) not he (who) killed the dragon | __Nar__tadoguz lûgum | subject negated, action occurred with that object, but performer was another person | | | (It's) not he (who) killed the dragon | __Nar__tadoguz lûgum | subject negated, action occurred with that object, but performer was another person | | ||
+ | | (It's) not the dragon killed him (but Balrog) | __Nar__ lûgum doguzan (nân Balrog) | ::: | | ||
Should not be mixed with [[syntax_absence|expressions of absence]] (w/ genitive case). | Should not be mixed with [[syntax_absence|expressions of absence]] (w/ genitive case). | ||
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Double negation may occur when sentence to be negated already has negative pro-form (like " | Double negation may occur when sentence to be negated already has negative pro-form (like " | ||
- | For example English "Never return" | + | For example English "Never return" |