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syntax_negative [2021/06/05 00:48] – morgoth | syntax_negative [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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====== Negation ====== | ====== Negation ====== | ||
- | While typical sentence expresses truth, the falsity of statement should be additionally marked through **// | + | While typical sentence expresses truth, the falsity of statement should be additionally marked through **// |
- | <WRAP center round alert 60%> | + | Negation was actively used in [[black_speech_dialects# |
- | This article is a draft | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <todo !!!> | + | |
- | </ | + | |
===== Negation of verbs ===== | ===== Negation of verbs ===== | ||
+ | Typically negation is used express falsity of statement as whole, which is achieved by negation of predicate. Prefix //nar-// then goes after clitic pronoun of subject (if the sentence has it) but before any other verbs' prefixes (e.g. in combination with interrogative prefix //mar-// in questions). If the predicate is complex (usually consisting of " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Negation is also needed in expressions of prohibitions closely related to directive modalities (most frequently with [[mood_imperative|imperative mood]]). For example "Do not touch it!" (= " | ||
+ | |||
===== Negation of nouns and pronouns ===== | ===== Negation of nouns and pronouns ===== | ||
- | Should not be mixed with expressions of absence (w/ genitive case). | + | Negation of nouns and personal pronouns is used when needed to show, that action in statement is not wrong or false itself, but specified subject or object were wrong. Compare: |
+ | |||
+ | ^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ comments ^ | ||
+ | | He didn't kill a dragon | Ta__nar__doguz ash lûg | verb negated, action didn't happen at all | | ||
+ | | Dragon didn't kill him | Lûg __nar__doguzan | ::: | | ||
+ | | He killed not a dragon (but ...) | Tadoguz __nar__ ash lûg (nân ...) | object negated, action happened, but with another object | | ||
+ | | Dragon killed not him (but ...) | Lûg doguz __nar__tash (nân ... ) | ::: | | ||
+ | | (It's) not he (who) killed the dragon | __Nar__tadoguz lûgum | subject negated, action occurred with that object, but performer was another person | | ||
+ | | (It's) not the dragon killed him (but Balrog) | __Nar__ lûgum doguzan (nân Balrog) | ::: | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Should not be mixed with [[syntax_absence|expressions of absence]] (w/ genitive case). | ||
===== Negation of adjectives and adverbs ===== | ===== Negation of adjectives and adverbs ===== | ||
+ | If adjectival or adverbial phrase is a part of predicative (usually with the [[verb "to be"]], less often "to become" | ||
+ | |||
===== Double negation ===== | ===== Double negation ===== | ||
+ | > We don't need no education | ||
+ | > We don't need no thought control | ||
+ | Double negation may occur when sentence to be negated already has negative pro-form (like " | ||
+ | For example English "Never return" |