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--- syntax_analytic [2019/10/07 22:26] – [Analytical constructions of Nûrlâm] morgoth
+++ syntax_analytic [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[Orcish curse]] is the perfect example of existing a speech style different to "official" [[ring-verse|ring inscription]]. While the latter shows agglutination and word inflection, grammar of orcish curse is closer to English with it's analyticness. [[black_speech_dialects#svartiska|Svartiska]] dialect combined these styles, through mixing of it's subdialects though. Nûrlâm was also split into three [[black_speech_evolution|branches]] or styles:
-  * archaic, "high" speech, close to Ring Inscription, highly agglutinative with a lot of suffixes for grammatical forms;
+  * [[archaic_style|archaic]], "high" speech, close to Ring Inscription, highly agglutinative with a lot of suffixes for grammatical forms;
-  * standard language brings some analyticness and fusion;
+  * standard language brings some analytic and fusion properties;
-  * colloquial, similar to Orcish curse, highly analytical, more simple for English-speaking users.
+  * colloquial, similar to Orcish curse, highly analytical, easier for English-speaking users.
 ===== Differences from Standard Nûrlâm =====
 Colloquial analytic speech differs from standard Nûrlâm in following ways:
+  * suffixes of verb's 3rd person and number may be skipped;
   * no [[clitics|clitic]] words, all postpositions, adverbs, pronouns, short adjectives are written stand-alone and not joined to other words;
   * **post**positions became **pre**positions;
-  * few postpositions still used for [[grammar_case|cases]] (genitive-possessive, dative, instrumental), mostly for pronouns (with addition of Objective/Accusative);
+  * suffixes of verb's [[grammar_tense|tense]] are sometimes written separately before verb;
-  * suffixes of verb [[grammar_tense|tense]] are sometimes written separately before verb;
+  * infinitives and gerundives are combined into one grammatical form with suffix //-at// but called infinitive
+  * modal meanings of gerundive are not used, replaced with modal-like verbs (must, want, intend) or relative clauses after conjunction "that" and Subjunctive mood (depending on modality).
-Colloquial language however introduced a feature of synthetic language, suffix for the category of [[grammar_number|number]] for nouns, pronouns, adjectives, participles.
+Colloquial language however introduced a feature of //synthetic// language by adding suffixes for the category of [[grammar_number|number]] for nouns, pronouns, adjectives, participles:
+  * plural suffixes are added to nouns (see [[grammar_number#in_orcish_dialects_and_colloquial_speech|Grammatical number]] article);
+  * adjectives and adjectival participles should agree with noun in number;
+  * some personal pronouns have different forms (see [[pronouns#colloquial_nurlam|Pronouns]] article);
+  * all type of pronouns may be pluralized the same way as nouns (except pro-adverbs);
+  * few postpositions may still be used sometimes for [[grammar_case|cases]] (genitive-possessive, dative, instrumental), mostly for pronouns (with addition of Objective/Accusative);
 As analytical Nûrlâm represents variety of orcish dialects, these features may occur in different combinations and be somewhere in between the Standard and Colloquial language.
 ==== Examples ====
+^ Standard Nûrlâm ^ English translation ^ Modern Nûrlâm ^
+| Za sigûrz glamb naruglubû urukforum | These long claws will not scare the brave orc | Zaz sigûrzû glambû ub nar ugl(û) za for uruk |
+| Mûr gifauth dâdishi? | Why do you((plural)) hide in the shadows? | Mûr latû fauth ishi dâd? |
+| Gunduzg kulâ shadat | Gondor must be destroyed | Gunduzg maug kulat shadag |

Nûrlâm –Black Speech dialect wiki

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