Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
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suffix_inflectional [2022/04/24 12:44] – morgothsuffix_inflectional [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 Suffix is called **//inflectional//** if it changes grammatical properties of the word without modifying its syntactic/lexical category, word class or part of speech. But many grammatical categories in [[Nûrlâm]] are expressed by [[clitics]] instead. Participle and infinitive suffixes may be also treated as [[suffix_derivational|derivational]] suffixes depending on the point of view (if participles are considered as separate lexical categories or as forms of verbs, but in this wiki the second opinion is used).  Suffix is called **//inflectional//** if it changes grammatical properties of the word without modifying its syntactic/lexical category, word class or part of speech. But many grammatical categories in [[Nûrlâm]] are expressed by [[clitics]] instead. Participle and infinitive suffixes may be also treated as [[suffix_derivational|derivational]] suffixes depending on the point of view (if participles are considered as separate lexical categories or as forms of verbs, but in this wiki the second opinion is used). 
 Finally a table of common inflectional suffixes: Finally a table of common inflectional suffixes:
 +
 +<WRAP center round todo 60%>
 +<todo>add suffixes of aspect</todo>
 +</WRAP>
  
 ^ Suffix ^ Etymology ^ Meaning ^ Example ^ ^ Suffix ^ Etymology ^ Meaning ^ Example ^
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 | -az   | LOS | [[grammar_adjective#degree_of_comparison|superlative]] form of adjectives | bhog (good) => bhog**az** (the best) | | -az   | LOS | [[grammar_adjective#degree_of_comparison|superlative]] form of adjectives | bhog (good) => bhog**az** (the best) |
 | -b    | see //-ob// | [[case_genitive|genitive case]] for declension class II | ta (he) => ta**b** (his) | | -b    | see //-ob// | [[case_genitive|genitive case]] for declension class II | ta (he) => ta**b** (his) |
 +| -îm   | NL < Quenya "immo" (self) | normally a reflexive pronoun, but may be used with verbs as suffix of //reflexive// [[grammar_voice#other|voice]] | dogut (to kill) => dogut**îm** (to commit suicide, to be killed by accident and own carelessness) |
 | -irzi | LOS "irzi" (by) | [[case_instrumental|instrumental case]] for declension class I | bazg (hand) => bazg**irzi** (by hand) | | -irzi | LOS "irzi" (by) | [[case_instrumental|instrumental case]] for declension class I | bazg (hand) => bazg**irzi** (by hand) |
 | -ish  | NL < LOS "izish" (me) | [[case_accusative|accusative case]] for declension class I | lat (thou, you) => lat**ish** (thee, you) | | -ish  | NL < LOS "izish" (me) | [[case_accusative|accusative case]] for declension class I | lat (thou, you) => lat**ish** (thee, you) |
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 | -sh   | see //-ish// | [[case_accusative|accusative case]] for declension class II | ta (he) => ta**sh** (him) | | -sh   | see //-ish// | [[case_accusative|accusative case]] for declension class II | ta (he) => ta**sh** (him) |
 | -sha  | TK, DBS, OC | [[case_comitative|comitative case]] | shauk (friend) => shauk**sha** (together with friends) | | -sha  | TK, DBS, OC | [[case_comitative|comitative case]] | shauk (friend) => shauk**sha** (together with friends) |
 +| -sha  | TK, DBS, OC | rarely used with verbs as //cooperative// [[grammar_voice#other|voice]] | bulut (to work) => bulut**sha** (to cooperate, work together) |
 | -si   | NL < Quenya "sívë", Sindarin "sui" (as, like) | [[case_essive|essive case]] | shauk (friend) => shauktab**si** (as your friend) | | -si   | NL < Quenya "sívë", Sindarin "sui" (as, like) | [[case_essive|essive case]] | shauk (friend) => shauktab**si** (as your friend) |
 | -û    | rare SV "-û", LOS "-u" | plural [[grammar_number|number]] suffix for declension class I | uruk (orc) => uruk**û** (orcs) |  | -û    | rare SV "-û", LOS "-u" | plural [[grammar_number|number]] suffix for declension class I | uruk (orc) => uruk**û** (orcs) | 
suffix_inflectional.1650793470.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 14:50 (external edit)
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