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proform [2021/08/26 20:53] – morgothproform [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 but sharing some similarity in relation, the way of forming and a fact that they replace other lexical or syntactical categories. but sharing some similarity in relation, the way of forming and a fact that they replace other lexical or syntactical categories.
  
-While some pro-forms looks similar, they usually treated as distinct parts of speech (e.g. question words consisting of pronouns, adverbs and conjugations). However some linguistic theories group them together and state that difference in their application is the subject of syntax rather than grammar or lexicology, similarly to nouns which can be used as subject, object, adverbial or even determiner. The term "pro-form" exists at least since 18th century, but haven't been widely accepted. In Esperanto these words are called "correlatives".+While some pro-forms looks similar, they usually treated as distinct parts of speech (e.g. question words consisting of pronouns, adverbs and conjunctions). However some linguistic theories group them together and state that difference in their application is the subject of syntax rather than grammar or lexicology, similarly to nouns which can be used as subject, object, adverbial or even determiner. The term "pro-form" exists at least since 18th century, but haven't been widely accepted. In Esperanto these words are called "correlatives".
  
 Pro-forms intended (by Nûrlâm's author) to be very regularly formed as in Esperanto or Japanese. However, despite rejecting many existing forms from various Neo-Black Speech dialects, Nûrlâm kept similar formation patterns. Demonstrative, interrogative and relative pro-forms are made by adding prefixes and indefinite pro-forms by adding suffixes. There are some irregularities caused by [[phonology|phonetical]] merging of adjacent sounds. Pro-forms intended (by Nûrlâm's author) to be very regularly formed as in Esperanto or Japanese. However, despite rejecting many existing forms from various Neo-Black Speech dialects, Nûrlâm kept similar formation patterns. Demonstrative, interrogative and relative pro-forms are made by adding prefixes and indefinite pro-forms by adding suffixes. There are some irregularities caused by [[phonology|phonetical]] merging of adjacent sounds.
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 ^ ::: ^  Universal  ^  Thing\\ (unanim.)\\ (-ash-)  ^  Person <sup>[[#Notes|[1]]]</sup>\\ (anim.)\\ (-hai-)  ^ ::: ^  Place\\ (-in-)  ^  Time\\ (-il-)  ^  Manner\\ (-arz)  ^  Reason\\ (-ûr)  ^ ^ ::: ^  Universal  ^  Thing\\ (unanim.)\\ (-ash-)  ^  Person <sup>[[#Notes|[1]]]</sup>\\ (anim.)\\ (-hai-)  ^ ::: ^  Place\\ (-in-)  ^  Time\\ (-il-)  ^  Manner\\ (-arz)  ^  Reason\\ (-ûr)  ^
 ^  Demonstrative,\\ proximal (near)\\ (za-)  |  za\\ (this)  |  zâsh\\ (such)  |  zahai\\ (these people)  |  zamak\\ (so many, so much)  |  zin\\ (this place)  |  zil\\ (this time)  |  zârz\\ (so, thus, hereby)  |  zazûr\\ (for this reason, herefore)  | ^  Demonstrative,\\ proximal (near)\\ (za-)  |  za\\ (this)  |  zâsh\\ (such)  |  zahai\\ (these people)  |  zamak\\ (so many, so much)  |  zin\\ (this place)  |  zil\\ (this time)  |  zârz\\ (so, thus, hereby)  |  zazûr\\ (for this reason, herefore)  |
-| ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |  tul <sup>[[#Notes|[2]]]</sup>\\ (here)  |  rad <sup>[[#Notes|[2]]]</sup>\\ (now)  | ::: | ::: |+| ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |  pot <sup>[[#Notes|[2]]]</sup>\\ (here)  |  rad <sup>[[#Notes|[2]]]</sup>\\ (now)  | ::: | ::: |
 ^  Demonstrative,\\ medial (far)\\ (zîg-)  |  zîg\\ (that)  | ::: |  zîghai\\ (those people)  |  zîgmak\\ (that many, that much)  |  zîgin\\ (that place)  |  zîgil\\ (that time)  |  zîgarz\\ (thereby, by that)  |  zîgûr\\ (for that reason, that's why, therefore)  | ^  Demonstrative,\\ medial (far)\\ (zîg-)  |  zîg\\ (that)  | ::: |  zîghai\\ (those people)  |  zîgmak\\ (that many, that much)  |  zîgin\\ (that place)  |  zîgil\\ (that time)  |  zîgarz\\ (thereby, by that)  |  zîgûr\\ (for that reason, that's why, therefore)  |
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |  tîg <sup>[[#Notes|[2]]]</sup>\\ (there)  |  rîg <sup>[[#Notes|[2]]]</sup>\\ (then)  | ::: | ::: | | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |  tîg <sup>[[#Notes|[2]]]</sup>\\ (there)  |  rîg <sup>[[#Notes|[2]]]</sup>\\ (then)  | ::: | ::: |
-^  Interrogative\\ (m-, ma-)  |  –  |  mash\\ (what?, which?)  |  mai\\ (who?, which?)  |  mamak\\ (how many, how much?)  |  min\\ (where?)  |  mil\\ (when?)  |  marz\\ (how?)  |  mûr\\ (why?, what for?)  |+^  Interrogative\\ (m-, ma-)  |  ---  |  mash\\ (what?, which?)  |  mai\\ (who?, which?)  |  mamak\\ (how many, how much?)  |  min\\ (where?)  |  mil\\ (when?)  |  marz\\ (how?)  |  mûr\\ (why?, what for?)  |
 ^  Relative\\ (am-)  |  zamash\\ (that)  |  amash\\ (what, which)  |  amai\\ (who, which)  |  amak\\ (how many, how much)  |  amin\\ (where)  |  amil\\ (when)  |  amarz\\ (how)  |  amûr\\ (why, wherefore)  | ^  Relative\\ (am-)  |  zamash\\ (that)  |  amash\\ (what, which)  |  amai\\ (who, which)  |  amak\\ (how many, how much)  |  amin\\ (where)  |  amil\\ (when)  |  amarz\\ (how)  |  amûr\\ (why, wherefore)  |
  
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 ^  Type  ^  Quantifiers  ^  Pronouns  ^^  Pro-adverbs  ^^^^ ^  Type  ^  Quantifiers  ^  Pronouns  ^^  Pro-adverbs  ^^^^
 ^ ::: ^  :::  ^  Thing\\ (unanim.)\\ (-ash-)  ^  Person <sup>[[#Notes|[1]]]</sup>\\ (anim.)\\ (-hai-)  ^  Place\\ (-in-)  ^  Time\\ (-il-)  ^  Manner\\ (-arz-) <sup>[[#Notes|[3]]]</sup>  ^  Reason\\ (-ûr-) <sup>[[#Notes|[3]]]</sup>  ^ ^ ::: ^  :::  ^  Thing\\ (unanim.)\\ (-ash-)  ^  Person <sup>[[#Notes|[1]]]</sup>\\ (anim.)\\ (-hai-)  ^  Place\\ (-in-)  ^  Time\\ (-il-)  ^  Manner\\ (-arz-) <sup>[[#Notes|[3]]]</sup>  ^  Reason\\ (-ûr-) <sup>[[#Notes|[3]]]</sup>  ^
-^  Universal\\ (all)\\  (-ûk)  |  ûk\\ (all)  |  ûk\\ (all)  ||  –  |  ilûk\\ (always)  |  –  |  –  |+^  Universal\\ (all)\\  (-ûk)  |  ûk\\ (all)  |  ûk\\ (all)  ||  ---  |  ilûk\\ (always)  |  ---  |  ---  |
 ^  Universal\\ (each, every)\\ (-ûgh)  |  ûgh\\ (each, every)  |  ashûgh\\ (everything)  |  hai-ûgh\\ (everyone, everybody)  |  inûgh\\ (everywhere)  |  ilûgh\\ (every time, everywhen)  |  arzûgh\\ (every way)  |  ûrûgh\\ (for every reason)  | ^  Universal\\ (each, every)\\ (-ûgh)  |  ûgh\\ (each, every)  |  ashûgh\\ (everything)  |  hai-ûgh\\ (everyone, everybody)  |  inûgh\\ (everywhere)  |  ilûgh\\ (every time, everywhen)  |  arzûgh\\ (every way)  |  ûrûgh\\ (for every reason)  |
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |  ûgharz\\ (everyway)  |  ûghûr\\ (for every reason)  | | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: |  ûgharz\\ (everyway)  |  ûghûr\\ (for every reason)  |
proform.1630000385.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 14:50 (external edit)
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