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--- phonology [2023/07/30 17:50] – changed diphthongs, sh, zh, removed w, j restricted morgoth
+++ phonology [2023/12/12 17:47] (current) – [Stress] morgoth
@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
   * consonants are never palatalized ("softened") before i;
   * //ng// is pronounced as two separate sounds (as they usually belong to different syllables, or //g// is followed by //h// which produces different sound) except at the end of word's root (i.e. "ro__ng__" = to dig);
-  * //p// can be aspirated [pʰ] as in English;
   * //bh// can be pronounced as aspirated or "breathy-voiced" //b// ([bʰ] or [bʱ] respectively), or as labial approximant/fricative [β]((according to Édouard Kloczko, "Dictionnaire des langues des Hobbits, des Nains, des Orques et autres créatures de la Terre du Milieu, de Númenor et d'Aman" (Encyclopédie de la Terre du Milieu, volume 4), Arda, 2002.)) (something between [b], [v] and [w]), but only at start or end of the word (like in "__bh__og" = "good"). More often //bh// is pronounced as two distinct sounds, specially in words like "bûbhosh" where //b// and //h// belong to different syllables;
   * glottal stop [ʔ] appears in colloquial speech separating affixes and some compound words. It can also be produced by //h// after //b// (see comment above);
@@ Line 97: / Line 96: @@
 ==== Stress ====
-Most words consist of just one syllable. Otherwise the stress is always placed on the first syllable of the root in Black Speech. This rule also affects compound words (//N**a**zgûl//). In Nûrlam main stress is shifted when adding [[clitics]] to the end of the word. First syllable remains under secondary stress. In example //burzum// (the darkness) + //ishi// (in) = //burzum**__i__**shi// (in the darkness). Joining a clitic to the beginning of the word (//dag**__i__**mb// = I find), adding prefix (like //nar**__i__**sh// = ally), derivational (for example //b**__u__**rzum// = darkness) or inflectional suffix (i.e. //gl**__o__**bûrz// = filthy) doesn't change the stress position. These rules allow to resolve possible ambiguity of some clitic with grammar function and compound word.
+Most words consist of just one syllable. Otherwise the stress is always placed on the first syllable of the root in Black Speech. This rule also affects compound words (//N**a**zgûl//). In Nûrlam main stress is shifted when adding [[clitics]] to the end of the word. First syllable remains under secondary stress. In example //burzum// (the darkness) + //ishi// (in) = //burzum**__i__**shi// (in the darkness). Joining a clitic to the beginning of the word (//dag**__i__**mb// = I find), adding prefix (like //nar**__i__**sh// = ally), derivational (for example //b**__u__**rzum// = darkness) or inflectional suffix (i.e. //d**__u__**rbû// = [they] rule) doesn't change the stress position. These rules allow to resolve possible ambiguity of some clitic with grammar function and compound word.
 ==== Intonation ====

Nûrlâm –Black Speech dialect wiki

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Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki