Differences
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| phonology [2022/08/16 16:23] – [Phonotactics] deprecate -bd morgoth | phonology [2023/12/12 17:47] (current) – [Stress] morgoth | ||
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| ^ | ^ | ||
| ^ Close | i, iː | ^ Close | i, iː | ||
| + | ^ Near-close((only in diphthongs, see below)) | ɪ | | ʊ | | ||
| ^ Mid | ^ Mid | ||
| ^ Open | | a, aː | ^ Open | | a, aː | ||
| - | Each vowel can be short or long despite the stress (specially in compound words like // | + | Each vowel can be short or long despite the stress (specially in compound words like // |
| Vowel //o// is considered rare in Classical Black Speech and often changed to //u// in borrowed words (i.e. //urun// from Quenya //oron//). | Vowel //o// is considered rare in Classical Black Speech and often changed to //u// in borrowed words (i.e. //urun// from Quenya //oron//). | ||
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| === Diphtongs === | === Diphtongs === | ||
| - | Diphtongs //ai [aj]// (" | + | Diphtongs //ai [aɪ]// (" |
| ==== Consonants ==== | ==== Consonants ==== | ||
| - | ^ ||^ Labial ^ Dental | + | ^ ||^ Labial ^ Dental |
| ^ Nasal ||| | ^ Nasal ||| | ||
| ^ Plosive (stops) | ^ Plosive (stops) | ||
| ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | ||
| - | ^ Fricative ^ sibilant | + | ^ Fricative ^ sibilant |
| - | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | + | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced |
| ^ ::: ^ non-sibilant ^ voiceless | | ^ ::: ^ non-sibilant ^ voiceless | | ||
| ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | ||
| - | ^ Approximant (glides) | + | ^ Approximant (glides) |
| - | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ plain | + | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ plain |
| - | ^ Rhotic | + | ^ Rhotic |
| * consonants are never palatalized (" | * consonants are never palatalized (" | ||
| * //ng// is pronounced as two separate sounds (as they usually belong to different syllables, or //g// is followed by //h// which produces different sound) except at the end of word's root (i.e. " | * //ng// is pronounced as two separate sounds (as they usually belong to different syllables, or //g// is followed by //h// which produces different sound) except at the end of word's root (i.e. " | ||
| - | * //p// can be aspirated [pʰ] as in English; | ||
| * //bh// can be pronounced as aspirated or " | * //bh// can be pronounced as aspirated or " | ||
| * glottal stop [ʔ] appears in colloquial speech separating affixes and some compound words. It can also be produced by //h// after //b// (see comment above); | * glottal stop [ʔ] appears in colloquial speech separating affixes and some compound words. It can also be produced by //h// after //b// (see comment above); | ||
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| * Tolkien sources: gl-, gr-, kr-, sk-, sn-, thr-; | * Tolkien sources: gl-, gr-, kr-, sk-, sn-, thr-; | ||
| - | * Fan additions((striked out entries are present in other dialects, but deprecated in Nûrlâm)): bhr-, bl-, br-, < | + | * Fan additions((striked out entries are present in other dialects, but deprecated in Nûrlâm)): bhr-, bl-, br-, < |
| * Nûrlâm additions: mr-, shk-, shl-; | * Nûrlâm additions: mr-, shk-, shl-; | ||
| * Theoretically possible, but not attested: gm-, hm-, hp-, shp-, sht-, tl-, zb-, zd-, zhd-, zhl-, zhm-, zhr-, zl-, zm-; | * Theoretically possible, but not attested: gm-, hm-, hp-, shp-, sht-, tl-, zb-, zd-, zhd-, zhl-, zhm-, zhr-, zl-, zm-; | ||
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| * Tolkien sources: -lg, -mb, -mp, -nk, -rb, -rk, -rn, -rz, -zg; | * Tolkien sources: -lg, -mb, -mp, -nk, -rb, -rk, -rn, -rz, -zg; | ||
| * Tolkien sources (unsure)((depends on the way of splitting poly-syllable words without clear etymology)): | * Tolkien sources (unsure)((depends on the way of splitting poly-syllable words without clear etymology)): | ||
| - | * Fan additions: < | + | * Fan additions: < |
| - | * Nûrlâm additions: -kt, -lkh, -md, -msh, -mz, -nb, -nf, -rzh, -tr, -zhk; | + | * Nûrlâm additions: -kt, -lkh, -md, -mk, -msh, -mz, -nb, -nf, -rzh, -tr, -zhk; |
| - | * Theoretically possible, but not attested: -bg, -bzh, -dl, -dn, -gzh, -fm, -fn, -fp, -fk, -fs, -fsh, -fl, -kf, -khr, -kn, -kp, -ksh, -lf, -lsh, -mf, -mk, -mt, -np, -ns, -nzh, -pk, -pr, -pt, -sf, -shl, -shm, -shp, -shr, -zhg, -zhm, -zhn, -zhr, -zm, -zr; | + | * Theoretically possible, but not attested: -bg, -bzh, -dl, -dn, -gzh, -fm, -fn, -fp, -fk, -fs, -fsh, -fl, -kf, -khr, -kn, -kp, -ksh, -lf, -lsh, -mf, -mt, -np, -ns, -nzh, -pk, -pr, -pt, -sf, -shl, -shm, -shp, -shr, -zhg, -zhm, -zhn, -zhr, -zm, -zr; |
| Some consonants in final clusters probably were intended as derivational suffixes of unknown meaning like //-b// in //durb-//. | Some consonants in final clusters probably were intended as derivational suffixes of unknown meaning like //-b// in //durb-//. | ||
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| ==== Stress ==== | ==== Stress ==== | ||
| - | Most words consist of just one syllable. Otherwise the stress is always placed on the first syllable of the root in Black Speech. This rule also affects compound words (// | + | Most words consist of just one syllable. Otherwise the stress is always placed on the first syllable of the root in Black Speech. This rule also affects compound words (// |
| ==== Intonation ==== | ==== Intonation ==== | ||
phonology.1660656237.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 14:50 (external edit)
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