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phonology [2023/07/11 20:08] – removed fh- morgoth | phonology [2023/12/12 17:47] (current) – [Stress] morgoth | ||
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^ | ^ | ||
^ Close | i, iː | ^ Close | i, iː | ||
+ | ^ Near-close((only in diphthongs, see below)) | ɪ | | ʊ | | ||
^ Mid | ^ Mid | ||
^ Open | | a, aː | ^ Open | | a, aː | ||
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=== Diphtongs === | === Diphtongs === | ||
- | Diphtongs //ai [aj]// (" | + | Diphtongs //ai [aɪ]// (" |
==== Consonants ==== | ==== Consonants ==== | ||
- | ^ ||^ Labial ^ Dental | + | ^ ||^ Labial ^ Dental |
^ Nasal ||| | ^ Nasal ||| | ||
^ Plosive (stops) | ^ Plosive (stops) | ||
^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | ||
- | ^ Fricative ^ sibilant | + | ^ Fricative ^ sibilant |
- | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | + | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced |
^ ::: ^ non-sibilant ^ voiceless | | ^ ::: ^ non-sibilant ^ voiceless | | ||
^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ voiced | ||
- | ^ Approximant (glides) | + | ^ Approximant (glides) |
- | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ plain | + | ^ ::: ^ ::: ^ plain |
- | ^ Rhotic | + | ^ Rhotic |
* consonants are never palatalized (" | * consonants are never palatalized (" | ||
* //ng// is pronounced as two separate sounds (as they usually belong to different syllables, or //g// is followed by //h// which produces different sound) except at the end of word's root (i.e. " | * //ng// is pronounced as two separate sounds (as they usually belong to different syllables, or //g// is followed by //h// which produces different sound) except at the end of word's root (i.e. " | ||
- | * //p// can be aspirated [pʰ] as in English; | ||
* //bh// can be pronounced as aspirated or " | * //bh// can be pronounced as aspirated or " | ||
* glottal stop [ʔ] appears in colloquial speech separating affixes and some compound words. It can also be produced by //h// after //b// (see comment above); | * glottal stop [ʔ] appears in colloquial speech separating affixes and some compound words. It can also be produced by //h// after //b// (see comment above); | ||
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==== Stress ==== | ==== Stress ==== | ||
- | Most words consist of just one syllable. Otherwise the stress is always placed on the first syllable of the root in Black Speech. This rule also affects compound words (// | + | Most words consist of just one syllable. Otherwise the stress is always placed on the first syllable of the root in Black Speech. This rule also affects compound words (// |
==== Intonation ==== | ==== Intonation ==== |