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====== Objectives of Nûrlâm ====== | ====== Objectives of Nûrlâm ====== | ||
Below are listed main targets which [[Nûrlâm]] is trying to achieve. | Below are listed main targets which [[Nûrlâm]] is trying to achieve. | ||
===== Common ===== | ===== Common ===== | ||
- | * Eliminate contradictions of Shadowlandian dialect, keeping strong similarity | + | * Try to find additional [[canon|canonical]] information about Black Speech published in " |
* Get rid of linguistic calques of English, Russian or any other real unrelated language, keeping translation into them easy and avoiding too exotic grammar; | * Get rid of linguistic calques of English, Russian or any other real unrelated language, keeping translation into them easy and avoiding too exotic grammar; | ||
- | * Create reference pages and lessons for new dialect, because current are inconsistent; | + | * Create reference pages and [[lessons]] for new dialect, because current are inconsistent; |
* Make emphasis on [[grammar]] rather than on [[lexicon|dictionary]]; | * Make emphasis on [[grammar]] rather than on [[lexicon|dictionary]]; | ||
* Make grammar reflect history of language without creating actual Proto-, Ancient-, Old-, Middle- etc. languages. | * Make grammar reflect history of language without creating actual Proto-, Ancient-, Old-, Middle- etc. languages. | ||
+ | * Avoid using the name "Black Speech" | ||
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=== Nouns: === | === Nouns: === | ||
* Define quite big but restricted number of cases (about 20) similar to Finno-Ugric and some Caucasian languages; | * Define quite big but restricted number of cases (about 20) similar to Finno-Ugric and some Caucasian languages; | ||
- | * Replace plural suffix | + | * Replace plural suffix |
=== Pronouns: === | === Pronouns: === | ||
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=== Verbs: === | === Verbs: === | ||
* Add separate verb endings for every person; | * Add separate verb endings for every person; | ||
- | * Replace suffix | + | * Replace suffix |
* Add aspects of Perfect and incomplete action; | * Add aspects of Perfect and incomplete action; | ||
* Make more clear rules for various subjunctive-like moods | * Make more clear rules for various subjunctive-like moods | ||
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* Replace “th” and specially “dh” sounds where they are almost impossible to pronounce, leaving only patterns | * Replace “th” and specially “dh” sounds where they are almost impossible to pronounce, leaving only patterns | ||
* Replace long vowels with short in unstressed syllables, if stressed syllable has short vowel. Thus long vowels should be left only in first syllable or if all vowels in word are long. Suffixes are not touched by this rule. “Nazgûl” and some other compound words will also be exceptions; | * Replace long vowels with short in unstressed syllables, if stressed syllable has short vowel. Thus long vowels should be left only in first syllable or if all vowels in word are long. Suffixes are not touched by this rule. “Nazgûl” and some other compound words will also be exceptions; | ||
+ | * Changing the length of vowel should not drastically change the meaning of word (compare " | ||
* Replace some of “l”, “ll”, “m”, “n”, “ng” sounds with //stops//, especially in words borrowed from Quenya; | * Replace some of “l”, “ll”, “m”, “n”, “ng” sounds with //stops//, especially in words borrowed from Quenya; | ||
* Replace “qu” with “kh”; | * Replace “qu” with “kh”; | ||
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=== Verbs: === | === Verbs: === | ||
* should not end with vowel | * should not end with vowel | ||
- | * if word consist of two or more syllabes | + | * if word consist of two or more syllables |