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modal_verbs [2021/08/13 19:18] – morgoth | modal_verbs [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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====== Modal verbs ====== | ====== Modal verbs ====== | ||
The [[grammar_verb|verb]] is called //modal// if it serves to indicate // | The [[grammar_verb|verb]] is called //modal// if it serves to indicate // | ||
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| //bolk// | RE | need, have to | active = " | | //bolk// | RE | need, have to | active = " | ||
| **fad** | NL < Quenya " | | **fad** | NL < Quenya " | ||
+ | | **furg** | NL < Quenya " | ||
| gashn | LOS < HG < Valarin " | | gashn | LOS < HG < Valarin " | ||
| **gazd** | NL, combination of HG " | | **gazd** | NL, combination of HG " | ||
- | | has | LOS, probably from Quenya " | + | | has | LOS, probably from Quenya " |
| **hiz** | NL < DS " | | **hiz** | NL < DS " | ||
| **irm** | NL < Gnomish " | | **irm** | NL < Gnomish " | ||
| //kazh// | ZB < Valarin " | | //kazh// | ZB < Valarin " | ||
| **khard** | NL < Sindarin " | | **khard** | NL < Sindarin " | ||
- | | //khul// | HG (to question, ask) | demand, request, ask for | | | + | | //khûl// | HG (to question, ask) | demand, request, ask for | | |
- | | lûp | LOS < SV | pray, ask for, beg, request | " | + | | **thrâh** | NL < TK " |
- | | **thrâh** | NL < TK " | + | |
| **ton** | NL < LOS " | | **ton** | NL < LOS " | ||
- | | ufur | LOS (frighten) < PN " | ||
^ modal-like | ^ modal-like | ||
| //bozd// | EH " | | //bozd// | EH " | ||
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| **thak** | NL < Sindarin " | | **thak** | NL < Sindarin " | ||
+ | -------------------- | ||
+ | ===== Negation ===== | ||
+ | Negative particle " |