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lessons:verbs_2 [2023/12/19 18:49] – links added morgoth | lessons:verbs_2 [2024/04/14 16:17] (current) – [Exercise 2] finished morgoth | ||
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^ Verb form ^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ | ^ Verb form ^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ | ||
^ Imperative | Come! | Skât! | | ^ Imperative | Come! | Skât! | | ||
- | ^ Present | An orc is coming | Ash uruk skat//â// | | + | ^ Present |
- | ^ Past | An orc came | Ash uruk skat**__uz__**// | + | ^ Past |
+ | --------------------- | ||
===== New words ===== | ===== New words ===== | ||
- | * af (to throw) | ||
* ak (to stab) | * ak (to stab) | ||
* farb (to chase, hunt) | * farb (to chase, hunt) | ||
- | * fîth (to hold, keep) | ||
* ghur (to die) | * ghur (to die) | ||
* grush (to hit, strike, punch) | * grush (to hit, strike, punch) | ||
- | * hât (to push, poke, thrust) | + | * kramp (to do, make) |
- | * îst (to know) | + | |
- | * kurg (to turn) | + | |
* lal (to laugh) | * lal (to laugh) | ||
- | * ont (to count [numbers]) | + | * lûmp (to fall) |
* rong (to dig) | * rong (to dig) | ||
- | * skûm (to feel smell) | + | * ronk (pit, pool) |
- | * sûh (to pull, drag, draw) | + | |
- | * tail (to play) | + | |
- | * thig (to clean) | + | |
- | * ûs (to think) | + | |
- | * yol (to wash, clean) | + | |
- | Past tense in Nûrlâm also substitutes English Present Perfect tense (actions that already happened but in the still lasting time interval). Example: "The dwarf has just fallen" | ||
- | |||
- | ===== New words ===== | ||
Some adverbs may be helpful in describing the past: | Some adverbs may be helpful in describing the past: | ||
* dok (already, before, previously) | * dok (already, before, previously) | ||
* nokhar (again) | * nokhar (again) | ||
* ûn (new) => ûnarz (just, recently) | * ûn (new) => ûnarz (just, recently) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Past tense in Nûrlâm also substitutes English Present Perfect tense (actions that already happened but in the still lasting time interval). Example: "The dwarf has just fallen" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---------------------- | ||
+ | ===== Exercise 1 ===== | ||
+ | Translate into Nûrlâm: | ||
+ | - demons made some sorcery again | ||
+ | - filthy dwarves heard this | ||
+ | - four dragons escaped | ||
+ | - orcs hunted the elves | ||
+ | - shit stank | ||
+ | - the bee made a new pile | ||
+ | - the pain stopped | ||
+ | - the slayer stabbed the slave | ||
+ | - the strong warrior stroke the fat troll | ||
+ | - this human already died | ||
+ | |||
+ | <hidden show answers> | ||
+ | - rog krampuzû mûd dush nokhar | ||
+ | - dug gazat khlâruzû za / gazat dug khlâruzû za | ||
+ | - hant lûg irzuzû | ||
+ | - uruk farbuzû za golug | ||
+ | - push pushduzâ | ||
+ | - noim krampuzâ ash ûn tub / noim krampuzâ ash tubûn | ||
+ | - hrizgum puzguzâ | ||
+ | - dogum akuzâ snagam | ||
+ | - bolg mauhum grushuzâ tûrz ologum / maubolgum grushuzâ ologtûrzum | ||
+ | - za tark ghuruzâ dok | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---------------------- | ||
+ | ===== Exercise 2 ===== | ||
+ | Translate from Nûrlâm: | ||
+ | - agh burzum lûmpuzâ | ||
+ | - golug shoguzû saubumûk | ||
+ | - golugûrz mau skâtuzû lad | ||
+ | - graz nîn ugluzâ krig nazgûl | ||
+ | - lagum grishuzâ za hrau | ||
+ | - ologum laluzâ | ||
+ | - rogum ronguzâ ash ronk | ||
+ | - tug ghor thrakuzâ mik zrî | ||
+ | - uruk ghâshuzû nîr goim | ||
+ | - ûzûl uruk throkhuzâ karn âps ûnarz | ||
+ | |||
+ | <hidden show answers> | ||
+ | - and the darkness fell | ||
+ | - elves drank all the juice | ||
+ | - elvish warriors came late | ||
+ | - cold water frightened three Nazgûl | ||
+ | - the sword cut the flesh | ||
+ | - the troll laughed | ||
+ | - the demon dug a pit | ||
+ | - only blood brought a little joy | ||
+ | - orcs burned the beautiful city | ||
+ | - green orc has just eaten red meat / green orc was eating red meat recently | ||
+ | </ | ||
-------------------- | -------------------- |