lessons:verbs_1
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| Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
| lessons:verbs_1 [2023/07/31 17:29] – [Verbs: present tense, 3rd person endings. Simple sentences] morgoth | lessons:verbs_1 [2023/12/19 18:36] (current) – [See also] morgoth | ||
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| Present tense in Nûrlâm is used to express: | Present tense in Nûrlâm is used to express: | ||
| - | * actions going at the moment of speaking | + | * actions going at the moment of speaking |
| + | * regular actions that didn't stop to happen; | ||
| * general truths (like "orcs eat") | * general truths (like "orcs eat") | ||
| ===== Making simple sentences ===== | ===== Making simple sentences ===== | ||
| - | So, let's make our first basic statements using the rules we just learned. Let's start with words " | + | So, let's make our first basic statements using the rules we just learned. Let's start with words " |
| ^ English | ^ English | ||
| | orc eat__s__ | uruk throkh__â__ | actually, no clarification of quantity is needed for subject | | | orc eat__s__ | uruk throkh__â__ | actually, no clarification of quantity is needed for subject | | ||
| Line 30: | Line 31: | ||
| | two orc__s__ eat | krul uruk throkh__û__ | | | two orc__s__ eat | krul uruk throkh__û__ | | ||
| | scary orc eat__s__ | uf uruk throkh__â__ | | | scary orc eat__s__ | uf uruk throkh__â__ | | ||
| - | | ::: | urukuf | + | | ::: | urukuf |
| | big orc__s__ eat | urukdau throkh__û__ | | | big orc__s__ eat | urukdau throkh__û__ | | ||
| | some orc__s__ eat | mûd uruk throkh__û__ | | | some orc__s__ eat | mûd uruk throkh__û__ | | ||
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| ===== Adding objects ===== | ===== Adding objects ===== | ||
| - | Like with [[lessons: | + | Like with [[lessons: |
| As you can see from examples above, there is no need in clarifying the grammatical number of subject, as it's verb takes it instead. However articles, exact numbers or quantifier words are necessary for objects. | As you can see from examples above, there is no need in clarifying the grammatical number of subject, as it's verb takes it instead. However articles, exact numbers or quantifier words are necessary for objects. | ||
| Line 42: | Line 43: | ||
| --------------------- | --------------------- | ||
| ===== New words ===== | ===== New words ===== | ||
| - | * âps (cooked meat, flesh) | + | * âps (cooked meat, flesh)((uncountable)) |
| * durb (to rule, force, control) | * durb (to rule, force, control) | ||
| * gazat (dwarf) | * gazat (dwarf) | ||
| * khlâr (to hear) | * khlâr (to hear) | ||
| - | * mazg (bread) | + | * mazg (bread)((uncountable)) |
| * pushd (to stink) | * pushd (to stink) | ||
| * rog (demon) | * rog (demon) | ||
| Line 52: | Line 53: | ||
| * skoir (to fly) | * skoir (to fly) | ||
| * ugl (to frighten, scare) | * ugl (to frighten, scare) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---------------------- | ||
| + | ===== Exercise 1 ===== | ||
| + | Translate into Nûrlâm: | ||
| + | - an orc is coming | ||
| + | - demon flies | ||
| + | - dwarves stink | ||
| + | - elves eat bread | ||
| + | - orcs drink blood | ||
| + | - nine wraiths are scaring these humans | ||
| + | - scary trolls hear the filthy dwarves | ||
| + | - the dragon rules this mountain | ||
| + | - the slaves escape | ||
| + | - the warrior kills a troll | ||
| + | <hidden show answers> | ||
| + | - ash uruk skâtâ | ||
| + | - rog skoirâ | ||
| + | - gazat pushdû | ||
| + | - golug throkhû mazg | ||
| + | - uruk shogû ghor | ||
| + | - krith gûl uglû za tark | ||
| + | - ologuf khlârû za dug gazat / uf olog khlârû za dug gazat | ||
| + | - lûgum durbâ za rod / za lûg durbâ za rod | ||
| + | - za snaga irzû | ||
| + | - mauhum dogâ ash olog / maum dogâ ash olog / za mauh dogâ ash olog / za mau dogâ ash olog | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---------------------- | ||
| + | ===== Exercise 2 ===== | ||
| + | Translate into English: | ||
| + | - dog durbâ | ||
| + | - golug shogâ mûd saub | ||
| + | - ink hûr uruk maukû krâk gazat | ||
| + | - mauh krimpâ za snaga | ||
| + | - noi nakhû | ||
| + | - rod binâ | ||
| + | - skri shra throgû za nazg | ||
| + | - tark grishû ûzûl taum | ||
| + | - tarkum throkhâ âps | ||
| + | - za shra gashnâ | ||
| + | <hidden show answers> | ||
| + | - slayer rules | ||
| + | - elf drinks some juice / elf is drinking some juice | ||
| + | - six brave orcs fight five dwarves / six brave orcs are fighting five dwarves | ||
| + | - warrior ties the slaves / warrior is tying the slaves | ||
| + | - bees bite / bees are biting | ||
| + | - mountain stands / mountain is standing | ||
| + | - eight persons are giving the rings | ||
| + | - humans cut the green forest / humans are cutting the green forest | ||
| + | - the human eats meat / the human is eating meat | ||
| + | - this person speaks / this person says / this person is speaking / this person is saying | ||
| + | </ | ||
| -------------------- | -------------------- | ||
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| * [[: | * [[: | ||
| * [[lessons: | * [[lessons: | ||
| - | * [[lessons: | + | * [[lessons: |
| * [[lessons: | * [[lessons: | ||
| * [[[[: | * [[[[: | ||
lessons/verbs_1.1690813774.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 15:32 (external edit)
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