Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki

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====== Descriptive words: Adverbs ======
Adverbs are the words that modify verbs (hence the name) and other descriptive words. Adverbs usually express location (place, space), time and frequency, manner. There are not many adverbs in Nûrlâm's dictionary:

==== New words ====
  * dhu (down[wards], underneath) -- place, direction
  * ghu (above, up[wards]) -- place, direction
  * gûth (almost, nearly) -- manner
  * idh (out[wards]) -- direction
  * krut (back[wards], ago) -- both direction and time
  * mag (too [much]) -- manner
  * nokh (once, one time) -- time, frequency
  * sha (together) -- manner
  * sharz (very) -- manner
  * tîr (straight) -- direction

===== Making adverbs from adjectives =====
Very few adverbs have the same form as adjectives (or other word classes):

==== New words ====
  * raih (seldom, rarely) < adj. "rare" -- time, frequency
  * thil (often, frequently) < adj. "frequent" -- time, frequency
  * zârsh (today) < noun -- time

In majority of cases you need to add suffix **//-arz//** after the adjective (or sometimes other part of speech) to convert it to adverb. If the adjective already has suffix //-ûrz//, it should be replaced with //-arz//.

==== New words ====
  * akt__ûrz__ (precise) => akt__arz__ (precisely) -- manner
  * durt (sure) => durt__arz__ (surely, of course) -- manner
  * farkh (left) => farkh__arz__ (at the left, to the left) -- place, direction
  * forg (right) => forg__arz__ (at the right, to the right) -- place, direction
  * hîs (fast, quick) => hîs__arz__ (quickly) -- manner
  * kog (true, real) => kog__arz__ (truly, really, actually, indeed) -- manner
  * mûl (road, path) => mûl__arz__ (by the way) -- manner

===== Word order =====
<WRAP center round todo 60%>
<todo !!>too complex, too small vocabulary at this point to show all possibilities, leave only first 4 points, repeat the whole in another lesson above adverbials' word order</todo>
</WRAP>

The following rules are applied to position of adverbs in sentence:
  - if adverb modifies the verb, it should be placed **after** the verb and it's object: __the fire__ <wrap wavy_underline>quickly</wrap> <wrap double_underline>burns</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>the forest</wrap> => __ghâshum__ <wrap double_underline>ghâshâ</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>taum</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>hîsarz</wrap>;
  - if adverb modifies the adjective that precedes the noun, then adverb is placed **before** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline>very</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>old</wrap> __dirt__ => <wrap  dashed_underline>sharz</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>kû</wrap> __dug__;
  - if adverb modifies the adjective that is placed after the noun, then adverb is placed **after** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline>really</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>hot</wrap> __water__ => __nîn__ <wrap wavy_underline>gashûrz</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>kogarz</wrap>;
  - if adjective has a modifying adverb, it can**not** join the noun as a //clitic//: <wrap dashed_underline>almost</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>black</wrap> __blood__ => __ghor__ <wrap wavy_underline>mor</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>gûth</wrap> / <wrap dashed_underline>gûth</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>mor</wrap> __ghor__ (not "ghormor gûth");
  - if several adverbs follow the same word, they are ordered as Place--Manner--Time: warriors are going back together today => mauh ukhû krut sha zârsh;
  - if several adverbs precede the same word, they are ordered as Time--Manner--Place, which rarely happens though;
  - if there are too many adverbs describing the same verb, then some of them (usually referring exact time) may precede the subject, while others are placed after the verb. They should be ordered in the whole sentence as Time--Manner--Place, but this rule is not very strict.

----------------------
===== Exercise 1 =====
Translate from English into Nûrlâm:
  - come together
  - fly up

===== Exercise 2 =====
Translate from Nûrlâm:

===== Exercise 3 =====
Make new adverb from adjectives you have learnt before:
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