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lessons:adpositions_1 [2024/04/16 21:20] – split lines morgoth | lessons:adpositions_1 [2024/05/01 16:11] (current) – answer section template morgoth | ||
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====== Prepositions and Postpositions ====== | ====== Prepositions and Postpositions ====== | ||
+ | <WRAP center round todo 60%> | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | A hard lesson | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
Majority of Indo-European languages uses prepositions together with nouns to describe directions, locations and time intervals. **// | Majority of Indo-European languages uses prepositions together with nouns to describe directions, locations and time intervals. **// | ||
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* over the hills = za kaup thu((somewhere further behind the hills)) | * over the hills = za kaup thu((somewhere further behind the hills)) | ||
* past the river = sîrum as = sîrum thu | * past the river = sîrum as = sîrum thu | ||
- | * through the forest = taum thu | + | * through the forest = taum as |
=== New words === | === New words === | ||
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------------------------ | ------------------------ | ||
===== Prepositions ===== | ===== Prepositions ===== | ||
- | While postpositions in Nûrlâm are always used to describe locations or directions, prepositions mostly describe time. Also some of these words may be used without | + | While postpositions in Nûrlâm are always used to describe locations or directions, prepositions mostly describe time or actions towards persons or objects. And words describing locations are placed before |
==== New words ==== | ==== New words ==== | ||
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* la (after [time]) | * la (after [time]) | ||
* lata (under, beneath, below) | * lata (under, beneath, below) | ||
- | * shi (at [exact time]) | + | * shi (at [exact time], in [time of day]) |
* tala (above, over [vertically], | * tala (above, over [vertically], | ||
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* ânsh (morning, dawn) | * ânsh (morning, dawn) | ||
* ârsh (day) | * ârsh (day) | ||
- | | + | |
* fugh (night) | * fugh (night) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Some of prepositions may be used without nouns as adverbs. Example: "Come after" => "Skât la". | ||
---------------------- | ---------------------- | ||
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==== Examples ==== | ==== Examples ==== | ||
+ | * Burn <wrap dashed_underline> | ||
+ | * Orcs <wrap double_underline> | ||
---------------------- | ---------------------- | ||
===== Exercise 1 ===== | ===== Exercise 1 ===== | ||
+ | Translate from English into Nûrlâm: | ||
+ | - Five Nazgûl are flying around the city; | ||
+ | - Eight orcs came late in the evening; | ||
+ | |||
+ | <hidden show answers> | ||
+ | |||
---------------------- | ---------------------- | ||
===== Exercise 2 ===== | ===== Exercise 2 ===== | ||
+ | Translate from Nûrlâm into English: | ||
+ | - Mak mau ghuruzû ârshik; | ||
+ | |||
+ | <hidden show answers> | ||
-------------------- | -------------------- | ||
===== See also ===== | ===== See also ===== | ||
+ | * [[: | ||
+ | * [[lessons: | ||
+ | * [[: | ||