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--- grammar_voice [2022/04/24 15:04] – some new Examples morgoth
+++ grammar_voice [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ===== Passive voice =====
 In **Passive** voice the patient (receiver, underdoer) of an action expressed by verb becomes the subject of the sentence.
-There are 4 ways of expressing passive voice in Nûrlâm. The //first// one is by adding passive voice marker //-âk-// before markers of tense; this is mostly done with passive past tense. The //second// is to use the [[grammar_participle|participles]] for present and past tenses, this way should be used for so-called //stative// passive, describing the state or characteristic. The //third// one is using [[grammar_gerundive|gerundive]] for future tense similarly to participles. However direct translation of gerundives back from Nûrlâm to English will be passive infinitives with tone of intention or purpose. In all these variants the subject (= patient) is not marked with case ending (remains in Nominative case), the agent of action is put in [[case_instrumental|Instrumental case]] and thus strictly speaking becomes an [[syntax_adverbials|adverbial]] instead of object. The //fourth// one is not a passive strictly speaking, but active [[syntax_impersonal|impersonal constructions]], used when agent of an action is not specified or is unknown. The patient is usually put into [[case_dative|Dative case]] in such sentences. It can be rather said, that sometimes passive voice is expressed syntactically by impersonal clauses instead of special grammatical forms.
+There are 4 ways of expressing passive voice in Nûrlâm:
+  - by adding passive voice marker //-âk-// before markers of verb's tense; this is mostly done with passive past tense.
+  - use the [[grammar_participle|participles]] for present and past tenses, this way should be used for so-called //stative// passive, describing the state or characteristic.
+  - using [[grammar_gerundive|gerundive]] for future tense similarly to participles. However direct translation of gerundives back from Nûrlâm to English will be passive infinitives with tone of intention or purpose.
+  - //active// [[syntax_impersonal|impersonal constructions]], used when agent of an action is not specified or is unknown, thus not a passive strictly speaking. The patient is usually put into [[case_dative|Dative case]] in such sentences. It can be rather said, that sometimes passive voice is expressed syntactically by impersonal clauses instead of special grammatical forms.
+In first three variants the subject (= patient) is not marked with case ending (remains in Nominative case), the agent of action is put in [[case_instrumental|Instrumental case]] and thus strictly speaking becomes an [[syntax_adverbials|adverbial]] instead of object.
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Nûrlâm –Black Speech dialect wiki

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Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
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