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--- grammar_person [2019/06/13 23:15] – morgoth
+++ grammar_person [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 **//Grammatical person//** shows distinction between references to participants of an action. It's closely related to set of //personal// pronouns and affects verbs. See [[wp>grammatical_person|Wikipedia]] for more information.
-In [[Nûrlâm]] [[verb]]'s category of person is expressed via [[clitics|clitic]] [[personal pronouns]], and standalone pronouns are often omitted. So, if standalone pronoun is used then verb has no special ending. There are three persons similarly to many European languages. However according to popular belief that Sauron forbade using 1st person singular ("I"), only 3rd person pronouns and verbs has separate form of singular [[grammar_number|number]]. This part of the language was changed several times through it's history (see tables below).
+There are three persons similarly to many European languages. However according to popular belief that Sauron forbade using 1st person singular ("I"), only 3rd person pronouns and verbs has separate form of singular [[grammar_number|number]]. This part of the language was changed several times during creation of Nûrlâm dialect and in Black Speech hypothetical [[black_speech_evolution|history]].
-===== Archaic Nûrlâm =====
+Strictly speaking only 3rd person is marked with verb's suffix in [[Nûrlâm]] (when subject is not a personal pronoun, e.g. noun, infinitive, indefinite pronoun, etc.), while all [[pronouns#personal_pronouns|personal pronouns]] are attached to the verb as  [[clitics]], and standalone pronouns are usually omitted, these enclitic pronouns resemble markers of person too. If standalone pronoun is used then verb doesn't have marker of person.
-Forms of clitic and standalone pronouns are the same except 3rd person plural. There is no distinction between singular and plural form
-^ Person, number and gender ^ English ^ Standalone pronoun ^ Clitic pronoun (verb's suffix) ^
-| 1st sing.                 | I       | izg                | izg                            |
-| 1st pl.                   | we      | :::                | :::                            |
-| 2nd sing.                 | you     | lat                | lat                            |
-| 2nd pl.                   | :::     | :::                | :::                            |
-| 3rd sing. m.              | he      | ta                 | ta                             |
-| 3rd sing. f.              | she     | :::                | :::                            |
-| 3rd sing. n.              | it      | :::                | :::                            |
-| 3rd pl.                   | they    | **tak**            | **ut**                         |
-===== Standard Nûrlâm =====
+{{page>include:personal_pronouns}}
-Common number becomes singular, adding plural form for clitic pronouns
-^ Person, number and gender ^ English ^ Standalone pronoun ^ Clitic pronoun (verb's suffix) ^
-| 1st sing.                 | I       | izg                | izg                            |
-| 1st pl.                   | we      | :::                | **ûzg**                        |
-| 2nd sing.                 | you     | lat                | lat                            |
-| 2nd pl.                   | :::     | :::                | **lut**                        |
-| 3rd sing. m.              | he      | ta                 | ta                             |
-| 3rd sing. f.              | she     | :::                | :::                            |
-| 3rd sing. n.              | it      | :::                | :::                            |
-| 3rd pl.                   | they    | tak                | ut                             |
-===== Colloquial Nûrlâm =====
-Adding division in gender for 3rd person pronouns, adding number to standalone pronouns of 1st and 2nd person. Plural clitic pronoun //may// be added even if corresponding standalone pronoun is present.
-^ Person, number and gender ^ English ^ Standalone pronoun ^ Clitic pronoun (verb's suffix) ^
-| 1st sing.                 | I       | izg                | izg                            |
-| 1st pl.                   | we      | **izgû**           | ûzg                            |
-| 2nd sing.                 | you     | lat                | lat                            |
-| 2nd pl.                   | :::     | **latû**           | lut                            |
-| 3rd sing. m.              | he      | ta                 | ta                             |
-| 3rd sing. f.              | she     | **na**             | :::                            |
-| 3rd sing. n.              | it      | **za**             | :::                            |
-| 3rd pl.                   | they    | tak                | ut                             |
--------------------
-See also a verb's suffix chain table

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