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grammar_number [2021/01/16 17:47] – [In Orcish dialects and colloquial speech] morgoth | grammar_number [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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====== Grammatical number ====== | ====== Grammatical number ====== | ||
- | While category of number exists in majority of languages of the Earth, it is not native to Black Speech. It's believed by some linguists that it was absent in Black Speech. This opinion is based upon using the word " | + | While category of number exists in majority of languages of the Earth, it is not native to Black Speech. It's believed by some linguists that it was absent in Black Speech. This opinion is based upon using the word " |
===== In Nûrlâm ===== | ===== In Nûrlâm ===== | ||
[[grammar_noun|Nouns]], | [[grammar_noun|Nouns]], | ||
- | * Cruel orc kills a child = Urukbol dog**â** **ash** | + | * Cruel orc kills a child = Urukbol dog**â** **ash** |
- | * Cruel orcs have killed a child = Urukbol doguz**û** **ash** | + | * Cruel orcs have killed a child = Urukbol doguz**û** **ash** |
- | * Cruel orcs kill (some) children = Urukbol dogû (**mûd**) | + | * Cruel orcs kill (some) children = Urukbol dogû (**mûd**) |
* Cruel orcs have killed them = Urukbol doguz**ûtul** (plural subject, plural pronominal object); | * Cruel orcs have killed them = Urukbol doguz**ûtul** (plural subject, plural pronominal object); | ||
- | * They have killed a child = **Tak**doguz **ash** | + | * They have killed a child = **Tak**doguz **ash** |
* He have killed them = **Ta**doguz**ul** (both subject and object are personal pronouns, not recommended). | * He have killed them = **Ta**doguz**ul** (both subject and object are personal pronouns, not recommended). | ||
===== In Orcish dialects and colloquial speech ===== | ===== In Orcish dialects and colloquial speech ===== | ||
- | In Orcish dialects (like Shadowlandian) unanimated nouns have singular and plural form, animated nouns have one form for both (which is often ignored in colloquial speech where there is no distinction in animacy). But Adjectives have plural form despite animacy of connected noun. Pronouns have plural form. Verbs have special 3rd person plural suffix //-ut//. Plural suffix is the same for nouns, pronouns and adjectives. In Shadowlandian and Horngoth it's //-u// and //-i// in Svartiska and MERP. Nûrlâm suggests using //-û// (taken from rare Svartiska variant) to avoid confusion with preposition meaning " | + | In [[black_speech_dialects|Orcish dialects]] (like Shadowlandian) unanimated nouns have singular and plural form, animated nouns have one form for both (which is often ignored in colloquial speech where there is no distinction in animacy). But Adjectives have plural form despite animacy of connected noun. Pronouns have plural form. Verbs in Shadowlandian |
- | * Cruel orc kills a child = Bol uruk dog(â) | + | * Cruel orc kills a child = Bol uruk dog(â) |
- | * Cruel orcs have killed a child = Bol**û** uruk**û** doguz(û) | + | * Cruel orcs have killed a child = Bol**û** uruk**û** doguz(û) |
- | * Cruel orcs kill (some) children = Urukbol**û** dog fosh**û** (plural subject, plural object); | + | * Cruel orcs kill (some) children = Urukbol**û** dog khind**û** (plural subject, plural object); |
* Cruel orcs have killed them = Urukbol doguz**ûtul** (plural subject, plural pronominal object); | * Cruel orcs have killed them = Urukbol doguz**ûtul** (plural subject, plural pronominal object); | ||
- | * They have killed a child = Ulû doguz fosh (plural pronominal subject, singular object); | + | * They have killed a child = **Ulû** doguz khind (plural pronominal subject, singular object); |
* He have killed them = Ta doguz ul (both subject and object are personal pronouns). | * He have killed them = Ta doguz ul (both subject and object are personal pronouns). | ||
+ | ===== Collective plural ===== | ||
Some dialects consider suffixes //-ûk// (all) or //-hai// (folk, people) as // | Some dialects consider suffixes //-ûk// (all) or //-hai// (folk, people) as // | ||
* Humans left their cities = Tark-hai rangû goi takob = Tark-hai rang ulubû goiz((in Modern Nûrlâm)) | * Humans left their cities = Tark-hai rangû goi takob = Tark-hai rang ulubû goiz((in Modern Nûrlâm)) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Dual number ===== | ||
+ | Many Indo-European languages have special words regarding two people, objects and even two complex sentences, like English " | ||
+ |