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--- grammar_mood [2022/11/28 19:16] – morgoth
+++ grammar_mood [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 ^ :::      ^ :::         ^ Modal ^ Main ^ in dependent/\\ conditional clause ^ ::: ^
 ^  Deontic (what should be )  ||||||
-| Comissive | promises and vows | -   | FUT        | -      | I shall help you = Dabhok__ub__am |
+| Comissive | promises and vows | -   | FUT        | -      | I shall help you = Dabhok__ub__ fizûr |
 | :::       | :::      | ::: | any + INF | -   | I have sworn to find the ring = Dagazduz gimb__ut__ nazgum |
-| :::       | :::      | ::: | PRES       | FUT | I will find the ring, I promise you = Dagimb__ub__ nazgum dafadam |
+| :::       | :::      | ::: | PRES       | FUT | I will find the ring, I promise you = Dagimb__ub__ nazgum dafad fizûr |
 | :::       | threats  | ::: | FUT        | -      | I will kill you! = Dadog__ub__am |
 | :::       | :::      | ::: | :::           | :::    | You will eat your own guts! = Fithrokh__ub__ hosh îmob |
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 | Hortative | encouragement or invitation to 2nd person (adhortative / dehortative) | gâkh.IMP / ilf.IMP (may) | INF | any | You might go with us, it will be fun! = __Gâkh__ fizûr ukh__ut__ daksha, kub glaz!((Please note transformation into impersonal sentence by putting "you" = "fi" into dative case)) |
 | ::: | Demanding, tenacious request (exhortative / inhortative)((may cognate with Necessitative modality, see below)). | maug.IMP (must, ought to, have to, shall, should) | INF | any | You should really go to that place! = __Maug__ ukh__ut__ fizûr zîginu |
-| ::: | plea of absolute urgency (suprahortative / infrahortative)((may cognate with Imperative, see above)) | | IMP | any | Please help us! We are dying! = Bhokak dahas! Dakmatrad! ((lit. "Help us, I plead! We are dying now!")) |
+| ::: | plea of absolute urgency (suprahortative / infrahortative)((may cognate with Imperative, see above)) | | IMP | any | Please help us! We are dying! = Bhok dakûr dahas! Dakmatrad! ((lit. "Help to us, I plead! We are dying now!")) |
-| ::: | encourage or discourage targeted person(s) to do something together with the speaker (cohortative, propositive), usually starts with //gâkh// ("let's", "let us") | gâkh.IMP | GERV | | Let's go! = __Gâkh__ ukh__at__! |
+| ::: | encourage or discourage targeted person(s) to do something together with the speaker (cohortative, propositive), usually starts with //gâkh// ("let's", "let us"): | | | | |
+| ::: | encouragement for regular action | gâkh.IMP | INF | | Let's go! = __Gâkh__ ukh__ut__! |
+| ::: | for future one-time action | ::: | GERV | | Let's go! = __Gâkh__ __dak__ukh__at__! |
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | 3PL=FUT | | Let's go! = __Gâkh__ __dak__ukh__ub__! |
 | Jussive | order to 2nd person to allow, permit or forbid 3rd person to do something | dabh.IMP=3.OBJ ("let") | INF | - | Let him come in = __Dabhan__ shisk__ut__ |
@@ Line 80: / Line 82: @@
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | | I need to eat = Dabolk throkh__ut__ |
 | ::: | The same with [[grammar_gerundive|Gerundives]] and impersonal constructions (like "it's necessary", "it's important" and others) instead of modal verbs, more laconical way | | GERV | | It's important that orcs capture these hobbits = Hormarz dik__at__ kudugza urukirzi((lit. "Importantly these hobbits to be captured by orcs")) |
-| ::: | Order or command was not directly from speaker but through some mediate person. Speaker did not issued the command, but only repeat order of 3rd person. Main sentence explains who gave the order using such verbs as "command", "order", "demand", "insist", "request", "recommend", "propose", "suggest", "expect". Similar to Desiderative, but with sense of obligation like Imperative, and explicit using of objective "you" (//af//, //am//) | | any | GERV | Morgoth demands that you were there by next morning = Morgoth thukhulâtaf __kulat__ zîgin ik ânshabirzi((Morgoth over-request=2PL.OBJ be.GERV there before morning=next=by)) |
+| ::: | Order or command was not directly from speaker but through some mediate person. Speaker did not issued the command, but only repeat order of 3rd person. Main sentence explains who gave the order using such verbs as "command", "order", "demand", "insist", "request", "recommend", "propose", "suggest", "expect". Similar to Desiderative, but with sense of obligation like Imperative, and explicit using of objective "you" (//af//, //am//) | | any | GERV | Morgoth demands that you were there by next morning = Morgoth thukhûlâtaf __kulat__ zîgin ik ânshabirzi((Morgoth over-request=2PL.OBJ be.GERV there before morning=next=by)) |
 |  Volitive (desire, wishes and hope)  ||||||
 | Optative / Benedictive | wish somebody something | gâkh.IMP | IMP | | May the force be with you! = __Gâkh__ balum kul fisha |
@@ Line 157: / Line 159: @@
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | If I had a dragon, I would fight against Balrog = Ghung dabrus__ulg__ ash lûg, damauk__ulg__ bug Balrog |
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | Had I seen a trap, I would had alerted you = Ghung dahon__ulg__ ash hnûf, darazg__ulg__am |
-| ::: | counterfactual, used to translate expressions like "If I were you" (or someone were someone else) | ::: | ::: | ::: | If I were goblin, I would run from Balrog = Ghung da__kulg__ ash uruk, da irz__ulg__ Balrogbo |
+| ::: | counterfactual, used to translate expressions like "If I were you" (or someone were someone else), object in conditional clause should be in Essive case | ::: | ::: | ::: | If I were goblin, I would run from Balrog = Ghung da__kulg__ ash uruksi, da irz__ulg__ Balrogbo |
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