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grammar_infinitive [2021/06/28 20:41] – morgothgrammar_infinitive [2022/09/19 14:34] – [Infinitive] morgoth
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-<WRAP center round important 60%><todo>Expand the article</todo>\\ <todo>Add more examples</todo></WRAP> 
-   
 ====== Infinitive ====== ====== Infinitive ======
 **//Infinitive//** is the //nonfinite// form of [[grammar_verb|verb]], which means that it doesn't require subject or object (but may have).  **//Infinitive//** is the //nonfinite// form of [[grammar_verb|verb]], which means that it doesn't require subject or object (but may have). 
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   * "He appears to have reported already" = "It turned out that he have reported already" => "Thakuzâtûk zamash tagauthuz dok" (again, no infinitive);   * "He appears to have reported already" = "It turned out that he have reported already" => "Thakuzâtûk zamash tagauthuz dok" (again, no infinitive);
   * "Orc was glad to have killed elves before" => "Ash uruk kuz glaz dog__ut__ûk golug dok"; but for better clarity it's better render the phrase as "Orc was glad that he killed elves before" => "Ash uruk kuz glaz zamash tadoguz golug dok";   * "Orc was glad to have killed elves before" => "Ash uruk kuz glaz dog__ut__ûk golug dok"; but for better clarity it's better render the phrase as "Orc was glad that he killed elves before" => "Ash uruk kuz glaz zamash tadoguz golug dok";
-  * "I expect this job to be done tomorrow" => "Dadarb za bul krampat ârshab" (Nûrlâm uses gerundive instead of infinitive to show passive meaning)+  * "I expect this job to be done tomorrow" => "Dadarb za bul kulâ krampat ârshab" (Nûrlâm uses gerundive instead of infinitive to show passive meaning)
  
-<WRAP center round todo 60%> +The role of infinitives in the sentence are restricted to:
-<todo>re-check translations of impersonal sentences</todo> +
-</WRAP> +
- +
- +
-Infinitive may take almost any role in the sentence:+
   * Part of complex [[syntax_predicate|predicate]] (predicative): "I __like to kill__ elves" = "Da__brogb dogut__ golughai";   * Part of complex [[syntax_predicate|predicate]] (predicative): "I __like to kill__ elves" = "Da__brogb dogut__ golughai";
   * [[syntax_subject|Subject]] (counted as 3rd person singular): "__To live__ is to die" = "__Kîbut__ kulâ matut", "__To spare__ an enemy is not proper orcish behavior" = "__Kaskut__ ash goth kulâ narthan okturm urukhaib";   * [[syntax_subject|Subject]] (counted as 3rd person singular): "__To live__ is to die" = "__Kîbut__ kulâ matut", "__To spare__ an enemy is not proper orcish behavior" = "__Kaskut__ ash goth kulâ narthan okturm urukhaib";
   * [[syntax_object|Object]]: "To live is __to die__" = "Kîbut kulâ __matut__";   * [[syntax_object|Object]]: "To live is __to die__" = "Kîbut kulâ __matut__";
  
-Infinitive is rarely used in Nûrlâm as modifier, adverbial and after verb "to be", as the [[grammar_gerundive|Gerundive]] is often used instead (as in [[ring-verse|Ring Inscription]]). Infinitive in Nûrlâm may replace English gerund (despite the term "gerundive" seeming similar). Infinitive can take other words to form a non-finite clause. Pronominal objective suffixes can be attached to infinitives, the same way as to gerundives in Ring Inscription (e.g. //krimputul// = to bind them).+Infinitive is rarely used in Nûrlâm as modifier, adverbial and after verb "to be", as the [[grammar_gerundive|Gerundive]] should be used instead (as in [[ring-verse|Ring Inscription]]). Infinitive in Nûrlâm may replace English gerund (despite the term "gerundive" seeming similar). Infinitive can take other words to form a non-finite clause. Pronominal objective suffixes can be attached to infinitives, the same way as to gerundives in Ring Inscription (e.g. //krimputul// = to bind them). When used as object, infinitive may be joined by the postposition; in that case, it is written separately after the infinitive.
  
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 Nûrlâm's author suggests the reason of adopting gerundive suffix //-at// for infinitive in late [[black_speech_dialects|orcish dialects]] (as Svartiska or Shadowlandian). Because of similarity gerundives and infinitives were often interchangeable in colloquial speech. As gerundives were used more frequently, in Modern Nûrlâm infinitives took gerundive's ending //-at// and its functions, but combined grammatical form is called infinitive. Nûrlâm's author suggests the reason of adopting gerundive suffix //-at// for infinitive in late [[black_speech_dialects|orcish dialects]] (as Svartiska or Shadowlandian). Because of similarity gerundives and infinitives were often interchangeable in colloquial speech. As gerundives were used more frequently, in Modern Nûrlâm infinitives took gerundive's ending //-at// and its functions, but combined grammatical form is called infinitive.
  
 +--------------------------------------------------
 ===== Infinitive vs. Gerundive summary table ===== ===== Infinitive vs. Gerundive summary table =====
 Here is comparison chart summarizing distinctions between Infinitive and Gerundive: Here is comparison chart summarizing distinctions between Infinitive and Gerundive:
-[[page>include:Infinitive_vs_Gerundive]]+ 
 +{{page>include:Infinitive_vs_Gerundive}}
  
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grammar_infinitive.txt · Last modified: 2023/09/07 19:38 by 127.0.0.1
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