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====== Grammatical aspect ====== | ====== Grammatical aspect ====== | ||
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In Nûrlâm aspect is expressed by short [[grammar_adverb|adverbs]] that became [[clitics|clitic]] through their frequent use. There are other adverbs that can join verbs, but they are not listed here because they do not have equivalents in other languages. Aspect marking is not obligatory when it's clear from context or not important, so a verb without clitic adverb may mean perfect, non-perfect or continuous action. | In Nûrlâm aspect is expressed by short [[grammar_adverb|adverbs]] that became [[clitics|clitic]] through their frequent use. There are other adverbs that can join verbs, but they are not listed here because they do not have equivalents in other languages. Aspect marking is not obligatory when it's clear from context or not important, so a verb without clitic adverb may mean perfect, non-perfect or continuous action. | ||
- | ^ Clitic adverb ^ Name((only for Nûrlâm, as terminology on aspects is not unified)) ^ Literal meaning ^ Usage ^ | + | ^ Clitic adverb ^ Name((only for Nûrlâm, as terminology on aspects is not unified |
- | | -âzh | Partial | slightly, partially | incomplete action, action done not with a full force, also may denote irregular action in contrast to suffix //-ok//.\\ English sentence "Open the gate just a little" | + | | -âzh | "Partial/ |
- | | -îs | Inchoactive/Initial | recently/ | + | | -îs | Inchoative/"Initial" |
- | | -ok | Habitual/ | + | | -ok | Habitual/ |
- | | -rad | Continuous/ | + | | -rad | Continuous/ |
- | | -ad | ::: | ::: | the same as //-rad// but used when verb's root ends with many consonants | | + | | -ad | ::: | ::: | the same as //-rad// but used when verb's root ends with //r// or many consonants: " |
- | | -ûk | Perfective/ | + | | -ûk | Perfective/"Final" |
- | | ::: | ::: | ::: | may mean that action was done (being done/will be done) for all objects mentioned in the sentence | + | | ::: | ::: | ::: | may mean that action was done (being done/will be done) for all objects mentioned in the sentence, like in [[ring-verse|Ring Inscription]] |
- | | -uth | Prospective | be going to, be about to, will do smth. soon | To mark action that is only intended at the moment of speaking or described event. May be replaced with verb " | + | | -ûn | Cessative/ |
+ | | -uth | Prospective/" | ||
Suffixes of aspect may also modify the meaning of the verb when translating into other languages, like " | Suffixes of aspect may also modify the meaning of the verb when translating into other languages, like " | ||
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+ | Aspect clitics are always the last in [[grammar_verb# | ||
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+ | Some [[prefixes]] may also carry similar functions of detailing a time of an action. | ||
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===== Links ===== | ===== Links ===== | ||
* [[wp> | * [[wp> | ||