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grammar_adverb [2021/09/08 19:34] – [Adverbs within impersonal constructions] morgoth | grammar_adverb [2023/10/02 14:34] (current) – [Grammar of adverbs] morgoth | ||
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====== Grammar of adverbs ====== | ====== Grammar of adverbs ====== | ||
**// | **// | ||
- | [[Nûrlâm]] has few adverbs in it's core dictionary. But they could be easily made from adjectives or other lexical categories by adding suffix **// | + | [[Nûrlâm]] has few adverbs in it's core dictionary. But they could be easily made from adjectives or other lexical categories by adding suffix **// |
- | Adverbs have no agreement with verbs in grammar. The only grammar form adverbs have beside nominal is the comparative, | + | Adverbs have no agreement with verbs in grammar. The only grammar form adverbs have beside nominal is the //comparative//, which is made by adding suffix **//-ar//** (the same as [[grammar_adjective|adjectives]]) placed after suffix //-arz// if adverb has it or after the root for short adverbs. Example is // |
For adverb' | For adverb' | ||
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Some short adverbs are [[clitics|clitic]] attached to the verbs to express grammatical category of [[grammar_aspect|aspect]]. | Some short adverbs are [[clitics|clitic]] attached to the verbs to express grammatical category of [[grammar_aspect|aspect]]. | ||
- | Some adverbs (relative, interrogative, | + | Some adverbs (relative, interrogative, |
Some adverbs are similar to [[adpositions]] when take noun together into an adverbial phrase. For example "far away" (adverb) and "far from home" (adposition + noun + postposition). | Some adverbs are similar to [[adpositions]] when take noun together into an adverbial phrase. For example "far away" (adverb) and "far from home" (adposition + noun + postposition). | ||
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Some adverbs are often used in [[syntax_impersonal|impersonal constructions]] " | Some adverbs are often used in [[syntax_impersonal|impersonal constructions]] " | ||
Most of them may be replaced with verb "to be" + adjective or gerundive with adjectival meaning. | Most of them may be replaced with verb "to be" + adjective or gerundive with adjectival meaning. | ||
- | <WRAP center round todo 60%> | ||
- | <todo !!>add examples and substitutes</ | ||
- | </ | ||
- | + | === The list of adverbs with Necessitative | |
- | === The list of adverbs with Necessitative | + | These adverbs are used together with [[grammar_gerundive|gerundives]] to express necessitative |
- | These adverbs are used together with gerundives to express necessitative | + | |
^ English | ^ English | ||
- | | desirable | ghîrarz | | | | + | | desirable | ghîrarz | __It's desirable__ for you to finish it by dawn => __Ghîrarz__ fizûr gorzatan ik ânsh | gerundive " |
- | | important | hormarz | | adjective " | + | | important | hormarz | __It's important__ that he will know nothing => __Hormarz__ narîstat tazûr = (It's) important to be not known to him | adjective " |
- | | necessary | bolkarz | | gerundive " | + | | necessary | bolkarz | __It's necessary__ to destroy the ring => __Bolkarz__ shadat nazgum |
- | Together with verb "to be" in past tense (" | + | Together with verb "to be" in past tense (" |
=== The list of adverbs used with various epistemic modalities === | === The list of adverbs used with various epistemic modalities === | ||
These adverbs are used together with various epistemic modalities (actions that may be): potential, dubitative, subjunctive, | These adverbs are used together with various epistemic modalities (actions that may be): potential, dubitative, subjunctive, | ||
^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ Example ^ | ^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ Example ^ | ||
- | | natural | + | | natural |
- | | probably, (im)possible, | + | | probably, (im)possible, |
- | | strange | + | | strange |
- | | unbelievable | narsambarz | | | + | | unbelievable | narsambarz | It's unbelievable that he killed a dragon alone => Narsambarz zamash tadoguz ash lûg ashûkarz |