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clitics [2019/04/11 22:30] – morgoth | clitics [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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====== Clitics ======= | ====== Clitics ======= | ||
- | //Clitics// are words attached to other words (//host//s) as affixes but playing role in syntax as separate elements. Examples of clitics in English are shortened verbs (// | + | **//Clitics//** are words attached to other words (//host//s) as affixes but playing role in syntax as separate elements. Examples of clitics in English are shortened verbs (// |
* they should not modify basic meaning of host words; | * they should not modify basic meaning of host words; | ||
* they can be written separately (but in the same order) without changing the sense of phrase; | * they can be written separately (but in the same order) without changing the sense of phrase; | ||
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See [[wp> | See [[wp> | ||
+ | ----------------------------- | ||
===== Clitics in Nûrlâm ===== | ===== Clitics in Nûrlâm ===== | ||
- | Clitics play a major role in [[Nûrlâm]]' | + | Clitics play an important |
- | * Postpositions attached to nouns and pronouns as [[grammar_case|case]] suffixes and to verbs as derivational affixes. | + | * [[adpositions|Postpositions]] attached to nouns and pronouns as [[grammar_case|case]] suffixes and to verbs as derivational affixes. |
- | * Pronouns attached to verbs as suffixes of [[grammar_person|person]]. | + | * Pronouns attached to verbs as suffixes |
- | * Adverbs attached to verbs as suffixes of [[grammar_aspect|aspect]]. | + | * [[grammar_adverb|Adverbs]] attached to verbs as suffixes of [[grammar_aspect|aspect]]. |
- | * Short adjectives attached to noun without any grammar function but retaining determiner function in syntax. | + | * Short [[grammar_adjective|adjectives]], [[proform|pro-adjectives]] and [[pronouns# |
- | * Demonstrative pronouns attached to noun as definite articles. | + | * [[pronouns# |
+ | * Definite article //-um// (however may be treated as particularizing suffix). | ||
+ | Only short single-syllable words become clitic. | ||
+ | Since clitics often pronounced separately in colloquial speech, and were used instead of proper [[suffix_inflectional|inflectional]] (grammatical) suffixes, they became one of main reasons of shifting from [[morphology# | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Concatenation vs. Separate spelling ==== | ||
+ | {{page> |