Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki

User Tools

Site Tools

Trace:
case_locative

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
case_locative [2021/11/06 23:40] – [Inessive case] morgothcase_locative [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
Line 1: Line 1:
 ====== Locative cases ====== ====== Locative cases ======
  
-[[Nûrlâm]] has a group of [[grammar_case|grammatical cases]] intended for marking locations and directions of movement. They are collectively called **//Locative cases//**. They are similar to English [[adpositions|prepositions]] such as "in", "on", "at", "to", "from". Nûrlâm's system of locative cases is similar to that one of Uralic (Finno-Ugric) languages, but has one additional Intrative case (suffix //-ri//, similar to English preposition "between") which is rare in real-world languages. Locative cases usually transform the role of noun from [[syntax_object|object]] into [[syntax_adverbials|adverbial]].+[[Nûrlâm]] has a group of [[grammar_case|grammatical cases]] intended for marking locations and directions of movement (and also of sight and sound). They are collectively called **//Locative cases//**. They are similar to English [[adpositions|prepositions]] such as "in", "on", "at", "to", "from". Nûrlâm's system of locative cases is similar to that one of Uralic (Finno-Ugric) languages, but has one additional Intrative case (suffix //-ri//, similar to English preposition "between") which is rare in real-world languages. Locative cases usually transform the role of noun from [[syntax_object|object]] into [[syntax_adverbials|adverbial]].
  
 {{page>include:locative_case_summary}} {{page>include:locative_case_summary}}
  
-English and many other languages has confusing rules on using prepositions indicating position. In Nûrlâm they are used only literally according to the summary table above (except some abstract nouns). So the usage of locative words may differ from English. For example, if you want say "He lives in Mordor", you should use suffix //-or// and not //-ishi// (both can be translated as "in"): "Takûl Uzgbûrz**or**". There may be still ambiguities, specially with objects describing almost flat locations on Earth's surface (like forest, farm, city), but usually they are treated the same as objects with 3-dimensional border (like room, body). Locative cases may refer groups of people (words like army, gang, Rohirrim, etc.)+English and many other languages has confusing rules on using prepositions indicating position. In Nûrlâm they are used only literally according to the summary table above (except some abstract nouns). So the usage of locative words may differ from English. For example, if you want say "He lives in Mordor", you should use suffix //-or// and not //-ishi// (both can be translated as "in"): "Takûl Uzgbûrz**or**". There may be still ambiguities, specially with objects describing almost flat locations on Earth's surface (like forest, farm, city), but usually they are treated the same as objects with 3-dimensional border (like room, body). Locative cases may refer groups of people (words like army, gang, Rohirrim, etc.).
  
-Unlike other languages, locative words never express time in Nûrlâm, but some [[adpositions#prepositions|prepositions]] are used instead together with [[case_accusative|Accusative]] case.+Unlike other languages, locative words never express time in Nûrlâm, but some [[adpositions#prepositions|prepositions]] are used instead (together with [[case_accusative|Accusative]] case).
  
 ---- ----
Line 17: Line 17:
   * from the top of object, like falling: "He fell off the cliff" = "Talûmpuz fip**bo**";   * from the top of object, like falling: "He fell off the cliff" = "Talûmpuz fip**bo**";
   * from outside of object: "He came out of this place" = "Taskâtuz zin**bo**";   * from outside of object: "He came out of this place" = "Taskâtuz zin**bo**";
-  * old owner of direct object, including taking off objects (clothes, tools, weapons) from body or hands to other surfaces or persons: "I took ring off his body" = "Dasnabuz ash nazg loiktab**bo**";+  * old owner of direct object, including taking off objects (clothes, tools, weapons) from body or hands to other surfaces or persons: "I took ring off his body" = "Dasnabuz ash nazg loiktab**bo**"; also used with expression "free from": "freedom from Dark Lord" => "sligurm Gothbûrz**bo**" ;
   * long distance from object (including static position) together with postposition "baub": "He is far from home" = "Ta mokh**bo** baub".   * long distance from object (including static position) together with postposition "baub": "He is far from home" = "Ta mokh**bo** baub".
  
Line 30: Line 30:
   * motion of subject without leaving the surface (or top) of the object: "A louse is crawling on my skin" = "Ash abh smûghâ daft**ir** dab";   * motion of subject without leaving the surface (or top) of the object: "A louse is crawling on my skin" = "Ash abh smûghâ daft**ir** dab";
   * location on the road, street (including address), shore, bank of the river, etc.: "He lives on the streets" = "Takûl mûl**ir**";   * location on the road, street (including address), shore, bank of the river, etc.: "He lives on the streets" = "Takûl mûl**ir**";
-  * position on the level/floor of the building or dungeon: "Let's meet on 2nd level of the tower" = "Gâkh hogut krulûrz tâl**ir** lugob";+  * position on the level/floor of the building or dungeon: "Let's meet on 2nd level of the tower" = "Gâkh hogat krulûrz tâl**ir** lugob";
   * position in close proximity of the object, together with postposition "mush" (near, next to, by): "He stands near our house" = "Tabin ozd**ir mush** dakob".   * position in close proximity of the object, together with postposition "mush" (near, next to, by): "He stands near our house" = "Tabin ozd**ir mush** dakob".
  
Line 77: Line 77:
   * the same with further clarification or accentuation with postposition "nâd": "The killer still stays in this house" = "Thrugum irnâ za ozd**or** nâd rad";   * the same with further clarification or accentuation with postposition "nâd": "The killer still stays in this house" = "Thrugum irnâ za ozd**or** nâd rad";
   * place of work: "I work in the stone pits" = "Dabul gundronk**or**";   * place of work: "I work in the stone pits" = "Dabul gundronk**or**";
 +  * in expressions like "good at", "superior in" with area of work, occupation: "He is good at fishing" = "Takul bhog skabaut**or**";
   * with impersonal constructions of possession like "There are 6 teeth in Gollum's mouth" = "(kulâ) Ink glok pug**or** Gollumob", "There are many stars in the sky" = "(kulâ) Mak ilz nût**or**";   * with impersonal constructions of possession like "There are 6 teeth in Gollum's mouth" = "(kulâ) Ink glok pug**or** Gollumob", "There are many stars in the sky" = "(kulâ) Mak ilz nût**or**";
   * to express location that is part of bigger object (similar to previous example): "with hate in his heart" = "mogsha tishtab**or**".   * to express location that is part of bigger object (similar to previous example): "with hate in his heart" = "mogsha tishtab**or**".
  
-Inessive case is **not** used for indicating purpose or receiving a benefit ("in order to" - gerundive; "in memory of", "in loving memory" - dative case instead).+Inessive case is **not** used for indicating purpose or receiving a benefit ("in order to" -- gerundive; "in memory of", "in loving memory" -- [[case_dative|dative case]] instead).
  
 ===== Intrative case ===== ===== Intrative case =====
Line 111: Line 112:
  
 ==== Instrumental ==== ==== Instrumental ====
- +English preposition "by" may refer to motion near or through the object, so it carries some locative functions. Static position near the object in Nûrlâm is expressed with Adessive case with additional postposition "mush" (next to, near). Motion near the borders of the object is expressed with Allative case with same postposition "mush".  Motion near or through the borders may be expressed with postposition "as" (across, along, through) with object in Accusative case. [[case_instrumental|Instrumental case]] **is** used with locative function together with postposition "tuk" (through): "They will go through the forest of shadows" = "Takukhub tau__rzi__ __tuk__ bathob".
-<WRAP center round todo 60%> +
- +
-<todo>examples needed</todo> +
- +
-</WRAP> +
- +
-English preposition "by" may refer to motion near or through the object, so it carries some locative functions. Static position near the object in Nûrlâm is expressed with Adessive case with additional postposition "mush" (next to, near). Motion near the borders of the object is expressed with Allative case with same postposition "mush".  Motion near or through the borders may be expressed with postposition "as" (across, along, through) with object in Accusative case. [[case_instrumental|Instrumental case]] **is** used with locative function together with postposition "tuk" (through).+
  
 ==== Comitative case ==== ==== Comitative case ====
case_locative.1636231245.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 14:46 (external edit)
Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International
CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International Powered by PHP Valid HTML5 Valid CSS Driven by DokuWiki